States and Stages
Properties of Matter at STP
Classifying Matter
Separation of Matter
Physical/Chemical
100
Which state of matter has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container, with particles that vibrate and slide past one another in constant motion?
Liquid
100
Standard temperature and pressure (STP) are defined as which temperature in Kelvin and which pressure in kilopascals?
273 K and 101.3 kPa
100
Any pure substance composed of two or more different elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion is classified as this.
Compound
100
Which laboratory separation technique is used to separate insoluble solids (like sand) from liquids based on particle size?
Filtration
100
Which equation represents a physical change?
A) H2(g) + I2(g) →2HI(g)
B) N2(g) + 2O2(g) → 2NO2(g)
C) I2(s) → I2(g)
D) 3O2(g) → 2O3(g)
C) I2(s) → I2(g)
200
The arrangement of particles is most ordered in a
sample of
A) NaCl(aq)
B) NaCl(l)
C) NaCl(g)
D) NaCl(s)
200
Which sample of matter at STP has the greatest average distance between its molecules: N2(g), NH3(aq), C6H14(l), or C6H12O6(s)?
N2(g)
200
Bronze contains 90% to 95% copper and 5% to 10% tin. Because these percentages can vary, how is bronze classified?
Mixture
200
Distillation is a process used to separate a mixture of two or more miscible liquids based on differences in which physical property?
Boiling point
200
Explain why the transformation of O2(g) into O3(g) (ozone) is classified as a chemical change rather than a physical change.
The molecular composition and chemical bonds change, forming an entirely new substance with different properties
300
At STP, a 50.-gram sample of H2O(l) and a 100.-gram
sample of H2O(l) have
A) the same chemical properties
B) the same volume
C) different temperatures
D) different empirical formulas
A) the same chemical properties
300
Order the three phases of elemental bromine from left to right in order of increasing distance between bromine molecule.
solid → liquid → gas
300
Among the formulas: O3(g), LiCl(aq), LiCl(s), or C6H12O6(s), which one represents a homogeneous mixture?
LiCl(aq)
300
In a lab experiment, a student filters a mixture of rock salt containing solid NaCl(aq) dissolved in water and insoluble rock particles. In terms of particle size, explain why the rock particles stay on the filter paper while the NaCl(aq) passes through.
The insoluble rock particles are larger than the pores/openings of the filter paper, while the dissolved ions and water molecules are small enough to pass through
300
Which statement describes a chemical property of
aluminum?
A) Aluminum is malleable.
B) Aluminum reacts with sulfuric acid.
C) Aluminum conducts an electric current.
D) Aluminum has a density of 2.698 g/cm3
at STP.
B) Aluminum reacts with sulfuric acid.
400
Why does a 5.0 mL sample of NH3(g) completely fill and take the shape of a closed 100.0 mL container, whereas a 5.0 mL sample of NH3(l) does not?
Gas particles have no definite volume or shape, spread out freely at high speeds, and are compressible to fill any closed container
400
Convert 13 K to °C
-260°C
400
List all 7 chemical formulas for elements that exist naturally as diatomic molecules.
H2, N2, I2, Cl2, O2, F2, Br2 (BrINClHOF twins)
400
Which separation technique relies on the different rates of migration/adsorption of components dissolved in a solvent across a stationary medium like paper?
Paper chomatography
400
State the Law of Conservation of Mass during a chemical reaction, and describe what happens to the total mass of reactants compared to the total mass of products in a closed system.
It stays the same.
500
Two particle diagrams show identical diatomic molecules. Diagram A shows the molecules arranged in a crystalline lattice, while Diagram B shows the same molecules distributed randomly throughout space. If both represent the same element, name the two phases shown and draw their particle diagrams
A: Solid
B: Gas
500
What is the physical phase of bromine at 340 K?
Gas
500
Explain why an aqueous solution of salt water is considered a mixture, while carbon dioxide gas is considered a compound, in terms of composition and separation.
Salt water has a variable composition and can be separated physically (by evaporation), while carbon dioxide has a fixed proportion of elements chemically combined and can only be decomposed by chemical means.
500
Describe a step-by-step procedure for separating the following mixture:
Propanol
Water
Salt
Sand
Iron
1. Magnetic extraction of iron
2. Filtration of sand
3. Distillation of propanol
4. Evaporation of salt from water
500
A student burns acetylene (C2H2) gas in oxygen (O2) gas to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) vapor.
Part A: Is this process a physical or chemical change?
Part B: If 26 grams of acetylene react completely with 80 grams of oxygen to form 72 grams of carbon dioxide, what mass of water vapor must be produced?
Part A: Chemical change
Part B: 34 g of water