Vocabulary
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Flow of Energy
Cycling Matter
Bicycling Matter
Trophic-Energy Touchdowns
100
a series of chemical reactions that convert the energy in food molecules into a usable form of energy called ATP
Cellular respiration
100
List the 3 REACTANTS in Photosynthesis.
CO2, H2O, Light energy
100
List the 2 REACTANTS in Cellular Respiration.
O2, glucose (sugar)
100
How does energy move through the environment?
It flows in one direction (not cycled)
100
What do water, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen have in common?
They are all cycled through the environment.
100
This process is part of the hydrologic cycle
evaporation, condensation, precipitation, or transpiration
100
Which direction does the arrow flow in a food web?
What is toward the thing that is eating.
200
DAILY DOUBLE
the process of a liquid changing to a gas at the surface of the liquid.
Evaporation
200
List the 2 PRODUCTS in Photosynthesis.
O2 and glucose (sugar)
200
List the 3 PRODUCTS in Cellular Respiration.
CO2, H2O, ATP (energy)
200
What do energy pyramids show?
the amount of energy available in each link of a food chain
200
How does matter move through the environment?
It is constantly cycled.
200
Carbon in the atmosphere (CO2) is transformed into glucose through this process
photosynthesis
200
An organism that gets its energy from the sun through photosynthesis
autotroph / producer
300
all the living things and nonliving things in a given area.
Ecosystem
300
Where specifically does photosynthesis occur?
Chloroplasts (in plant cells)
300
Where specifically does cellular respiration occur?
Mitochondria (in plant cells)
300
DAILY DOUBLE
How does available energy change as it moves through organisms in a food chain?
Decreases
300
How do animals acquire nitrogen atoms?
By eating plants (soil)
300
During this process, carbon in glucose is converted into carbon dioxide, which is released back into the atmosphere
cellular respiration
300
An organism that eats only autotrophs
Primary Consumer / Herbivore
400
a model of energy transfer that can show how the feeding relationships in a community are interconnected.
Food web
400
What kind(s) of organisms use photosynthesis for energy? Give me two.
plants, some protists (algea), some bacteria
400
Name 2 kinds of organisms that use cellular respiration for energy.
animals, plants, fungi, and algae
400
What is the difference in carnivores and omnivores?
Carnivores eat only meat and omnivores eat meat and plants.
400
What are the 2 ways nitrogen fixation occurs?
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria and lightning
400
This organism converts atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, then into nitrate
bacteria
400
If an organisms eats a both an autotroph and a primary consumer, what would you call them..
What is a primary and secondary consumer?
500
The feeding level of an organism
Trophic Level
500
Explain the importance of phytoplankton.
They supply 50% of the world's oxygen.
500
What is the usable form of energy that plants and animals use to survive?
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
500
Draw a trophic pyramid with a quaternary consumer. If the sun provided 10,000 J of energy show how much energy remains at each level
1 quaternary consumers
10 tertiary consumers
100 secondary consumers
1,000 primary consumers
10,000 producers
500
Why is nitrogen essential to living things?
Nitrogen is a core component of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. As well as DNA
500
DAILY DOUBLE
These organisms use nitrates to produce amino acids, which are used by living things to make proteins
plants and algae
500
Why is it necessary for autotrophs to be the largest group of organisms in any given ecosystem?
What is the reduction of energy by 1/10 up the food web, the need of higher end consumers to eat a greater number of organisms, and to maintain/ achieve higher carrying capacities.
600
The accrual of toxic chemicals in the tissue of an organism over time
bioaccumulation
600
DAILY DOUBLE
Write out the full equation for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight (energy) --> 6O2 + C6H12O6
600
Write the full equation for cellular respiration
6O2 + C6H12O6 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP (energy)
600
Explain the difference in a food chain and a food web.
A food chain models energy flow through feeding relationships and food webs show how food chains are interconnected.
600
Why does biomagnification occur?
Higher trophic levels must eat more biomass than lower trophic levels. This means they consume more of toxic chemicals stuck in the cells than lower trophic levels
600
Which cycle of matter does not utilize the atmosphere as a sink/source?
Phosphorus
600
List all the organisms (in order) in a food chain ending in a quaternary consumer.
seaweed --> crab --> squid --> penguin -->killer whale
or
seaweed --> crab --> squid --> elephant seal -->killer whale
or
phytoplankton -->zooplankton->fish->leopard seal->killer whale
or
phytoplankton -->zooplankton->fish->seagull->leopard seal
9999
Explain how Photosynthesis and Cellular respiration together form a cycle. Include the role of both plants and animals.
Plants take in CO2 and H2O to form sugar and oxygen during photosynthesis. Animals use the sugar and oxygen to do cellular respiration and produce H2O and CO2 as wastes.