Atomic Structure
Silicon has a lower electronegativity than carbon because its valence electrons are farther from this part of the atom.
What is the nucleus?
The type of bond formed between two carbon atoms.
What is a nonpolar covalent bond?
Carbon and silicon atoms form the same number of bonds because they are found in this same thing on the periodic table.
What is a group(column)
Outer shell electrons that can participate in bonding.
What are valence electrons?
Dipole arrows are used in molecular models to show this.
What is the direction of electron shift?
This force pulls electrons toward the nucleus and affects electronegativity.
What is the electrostatic attraction between protons and electrons?
Bonds with unequal sharing of electrons due to electronegativity differences are called this.
What are polar covalent bonds?
The number of valence electrons shared by both carbon and silicon that allows them to form four bonds.
What is four valence electrons?
How many valence electrons does Oxygen have?
What is six?
The measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons toward itself in a chemical bond.
What is electronegativity?
As atomic radius increases, the force pulling on shared electrons generally does this.
What is decreases?
This type of bond involves one atom taking electrons from another.
What is an ionic bond?
As you go down a group (column) of the periodic table the atomic radius does this.
What is increases?
Atoms will usually create bonds so that it can fill this.
What is a valence electron shell?
In a water molecule (H2O), the electrons are shifted more toward the oxygen atom making the hydrogens more this.
What is partially positive?
Oxygen is more electronegative than sulfur because its nucleus exerts a stronger pull due to this atomic feature being smaller.
What is atomic radius?
In a C–Si bond, shared electrons are shifted toward this atom.
What is carbon?
Carbon and silicon can substitute for one another in a molecule because they show similar behavior in this aspect of atomic structure.
What is bonding/valence electron structure?
This rule describes how atoms try to form bonds to fill its valence shell, typically with 8 electrons.
What is the octet rule?
The uneven charge distribution around ammonia (NH4) changes this field in the space around the molecule.
What is the electric field?
The concept that explains how distance weakens the attraction between the nucleus and shared electrons.
What is Coulomb's Law?
This bond is more polar: C–H, Si–H, or C-C.
What is Si-H?
Moving down Group 14 causes atomic radius to increase because atoms gain this additional structural feature.
What is an electron shell?
Boron has 3 valence electrons, which means that it typically forms this number of single bonds.
What is three?
Multiple bond dipoles combining to affect charge distribution describe this molecular property.
What is molecular polarity/dipole?