Financing Empires
Empire in the Americas that used conquered people as sacrifices
Aztec
Protestant church started by King Henry VIII
[+100 Why he broke away from the RCC]
Anglican Church/Church of England
[desire to divorce wives]
The Edict of Nantes allowed Huguenots to practice their faith and provided religious tolerance in what European country?
France
discovered the universal law of gravitation; wrote more about theology than science
Sir Isaac Newton
In this Chinese dynasty, tax collection was done by private, wealthy citizens and collected in the form of grains and, later, silver
Calvinism
allowed German states within the HRE to choose between Catholicism or Lutheranism; helped lead to the Thirty Years’ War
developed empiricism; theorized that Adam had encyclopedic knowledge before the fall and science was the means of recovering that knowledge
Francis Bacon
European ruler who established new state-owned industries, encouraged private industry, and compelled workers to work in industries as an urban extension of serfdom
Peter I (the Great) of Russia
One of the main reasons the Roman Catholic Church was being criticized, leading to the Protestant Reformation
Clergy used their positions to advance their own careers & wealth; selling of indulgences
The final great religious conflict between Catholics & Protestants in Europe, resulting in widespread starvation & disease
Thirty Years’ War
a founder of modern Chemistry; discovered the relationship between pressure and the volume of a gas; believed natural philosophy provided powerful evidence for the existence of God
One of the 2 Islamic gunpowder empires that used tax farming to finance their powerful militaries
Ottoman, Mughal
Two of Martin Luther’s criticisms of the Roman Catholic Church
selling of indulgences; simony (selling of clergy offices); works for salvation
Two results of the Peace of Westphalia
Ended Thirty Years’ War; allowed HRE states to choose between Catholicism, Lutheranism, or Calvinism; gave states further autonomy from the RCC; ended the HRE as a political entity
proved that the planets moved in an elliptical motion around the sun; “O, Almighty God, I am thinking Thy thoughts after Thee!"
Johannes Kepler
Two empires in the period 1450-1750 that had tributary states
3 major consequences of the Council of Trent during the Counter-Reformation
made the apocrypha officially canon; prohibited Protestant copies of the Bible; upheld clerical celibacy; upheld the 7 sacraments (including indulgences); upheld belief in purgatory; upheld belief in faith + works; ended the *selling* of indulgences
Name the sect of Islam for each of the Islamic gunpowder empires
Ottoman: Sunni
Safavid: Shi'a
Mughal: Sunni
Describe Galileo’s persecution by the Catholic Church
believed in Copernicus’ argument that the sun was the center of the universe & planets revolved around it; published his thoughts as fact against the pope’s instruction & ridiculed the pope publicly; was put on house arrest at his villa and allowed assistants to help him continue his research