More protein
After crossing the basolateral membrane, AA are moved into this.
What is portal circulation?
What is de novo synthesis, dietary protein and protein turnover?
Alanine needs this to convert into pyruvate.
What is PLP (b6)?
These two vitamins are necessary for proper recycling and continuation.
What are Folate (B9) and Cobalamin (B12)?
Ammonia from the amino group becomes this.
What is urea?
These are the fates of AA in enterocytes.
What is leaving the enterocyte unchanged, enterocyte protein synthesis, partial or complete oxidation for energy, and intermediary metabolic conversion into other AA or metabolites?
What happens in Phase 1 of AA catabolism?
What is the removal of the alpha amino group yielding ammonia and alpha-keto acid?
The alanine-glucose cycle creates glucose via this.
What is gluconeogenesis?
Cysteine is used for protein and this other type of synthesis.
What is glutathione?
This cycle allows for the removal of ammonia from the body.
What is the urea cycle?
Peptide uptake involving PEPT1 is due to this.
What is secondary active transport?
This is a mix of AA in our body from the endogenous breakdown of protein and de novo synthesis.
What is AA pool?
Pyruvate becomes this in the muscle before it once again becomes pyruvate in the liver.
What is alanine?
This process generates Ammonia (answer is not the urea cycle though it is involved).
What is oxidative deamination?
The carbon skeleton of AA can become these 4 things.
What are energy, glucose, ketone bodies, and fatty acids?
Glucocorticoids and glucagon promote this.
What is AA catabolism?
The amino acid pool is used for this.
What is cellular protein synthesis and nitrogen containing compounds?
Pyruvate has this many Carbons.
What is 5?
When removing ammonia, peripheral hepatocytes are active in this allowing for the ammonia to be immediately take up to make urea.
What is ureagenesis?
The use of carbon skeletons depends on this.
What is the original amino acid from which it was derived?
This condition occurs due to uric acid build up in the joints of the body.
What is gout?
These 3 AA do NOT participate in transamination reactions where dispensable AA are generated from indispensable AAs
What are lysine, histidine, and threonine?
This is the key difference between methionine and homocysteine.
What is the methyl group (on methionine)?
The urea cycle will fluctuate due to these factors.
What are diet and hormone concentrations?
The two remaining parts after an amino group has been removed are these.
What is alpha keto acid and carbon skeleton?