Key Terms
Something that automatically belongs to people, rather than a gift that people receive
What does Self Governance allow Indigenous people's to have control over?
Social services, health care, education, resource development, culture, language and justice
The process of establishing control over Indigenous people and their land
Colonization / Colonial Mentality
Who governs Indigenous People's who are not on reserves?
Unless they have negotiated self-government, most First Nations are currently governed by the Indian Act
They elect chiefs and councils to make decisions on their behalf and pass by-laws in a limited number of areas
What organization put the recommendations for The 94 Calls to Action forward AND when
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) of Canada in 2015
Legal rights and obligations established through agreements between Indigenous nations and colonial or sovereign governments
Treaty Rights
The authority of a community to govern itself or another community
Why is colonial mentality an issue put on Indigenous Communities today?
Because it perpetuates negative stereotypes and discrimination against Indigenous peoples
1996
What is the aim for the 94 Calls to Action
- address the legacy of residential schools
- advance the process of reconciliation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples in Canada
Identifies the most effective ways for First Nations to transition from Indian Act administrations to self-determining governments
Rebuilding the First Nations Governance Project
What is self-determination
The right to freely determine one's own political status, pursue their economic, social, and cultural development, and maintain their distinct identities and ways of life
How were Indigenous people's governed pre-contact to settlers?
They governed themselves in organized societies, with each having their own territories and councils of chiefs
What are Traditional Governance Structures
The systems of governance that have been practiced by Indigenous communities for generations
What are the 5 key themes for the 94 Calls to Action
1. Child Welfare
2. Education
3. Language and Culture
4. Health
5. Justice
Transmission of historical trauma and its effects across generations within a community or group impacting the well-being and resilience of communities
Intergenerational Trauma
How many FINAL Self-Government agreements are there in Canada
25
What is the White Paper (The Indian Act)
A series of reforms to Indigenous policy in Canada with the goal of assimilation, advocating for the elimination of special legal status for Indigenous peoples and the integration of Indigenous communities into mainstream Canadian society
Negotiated settlements between indigenous groups and government authorities, often aimed at addressing historical grievances and recognizing indigenous rights
Modern Treaty Agreements
How many Calls to Action have been successfully completed
What is Consultation & Consent
Consultation involves engaging in meaningful dialogue & communication with indigenous peoples or their representatives before making decisions or taking actions that may affect their rights, interests, or lands
Consent goes beyond consultation and implies obtaining the free, prior, and informed consent of indigenous peoples before implementing decisions or projects that may impact their rights or lands
How many negotiation tables are there across the country in the process to come to an agreement about Self-Governance
Currently there are about 50 self-government negotiation tables across the country
By the ____'s, Aboriginal activists had forced the federal government to consider the idea of Aboriginal self-government.
1970's
The project that faced significant opposition from numerous Indigenous communities along the proposed route, including concerns about environmental risks and impacts on traditional lands and waters
The Northern Gateway Pipeline Project, Alberta & British Columbia
What challenge can arise from implementing certain Calls to Action
Some calls to action require significant changes to laws, policies, and institutions, posing challenges to implementation