Renaissance
What was Leonardo da Vinci known as?
Why did Martin Luther write the 95 Theses?
challenge the Catholic Church for the selling of indulgences
True/False The Scientific Revolution led to a break from the religious and philosophical ideas that had dominated European thought for centuries.
True
What is absolutism?
A government where the ruler has complete authority
Who led the Roundhead forces against the Cavaliers in the English Civil War?
Oliver Cromwell
What was the goal of the Renaissance?
To bring back the classical culture of Greece + Rome
What was the unrivaled power before the Reformation?
Catholic Church
Why did the Renaissance began in Italy?
The Roman Empire was centered in Italy
The Catholic Church was centered in Italy
Access to the Mediterranean, enabling trade
What was the name of the lavish palace built by Louis XIV?
Versailles
What did Peter the Great do to modernize Russia?
forced nobles to shave their beards and wear western clothes, improved waterways and increased trade, expanded Russia's army and navy
What does Renaissance mean?
rebirth
What was the main reason King Henry VIII broke from the Catholic Church?
desire for a male heir
True/False The new scientific method developed during this period relied solely on logical deduction rather than experimental observation.
False
What is divine right?
the belief that authority came from God
What was the series of treaties that ended the Thirty Years' War?
Peace of Westphalia
What is the definition of humanism?
The focus on the human experience
Who translated the Bible into the vernacular so common people could read it?
Martin Luther
Who won the English Civil War?
Roundheads
Who were the Huguenots?
French protestants
What were the key provisions of the English Bill of Rights, and how did they limit the power of the monarch?
giving the House of Commons the power of the purse, the monarch must summon parliament regularly, king or queen can not interfere with parliamentary debates, barred any Catholic from sitting on the throne, trial by jury, banned excessive or cruel punishments, affirmed Habeas Corpus (must be charged with a crime to go to jail)
What invention in the 1400s allowed for the quick spread of ideas during the Renaissance?
printing press
What was the main purpose of the Inquisition during the Reformation?
To stop the spread of Protestantism
True/False Austria and Prussia were allies who worked together.
false
How did Oliver Cromwell treat other religions?
Allowed for religious freedom except for Catholics
What were the causes and effects of the Thirty Years' War?
Cause: Catholic vs. Protestant fighting, two nobles were thrown out of a window
Effects: 5 European powers, rivalries