UTI/CAUTI/ CLABSI
Includes s/s of emptying symptoms, storage symptoms burning on urination, lower abdominal pain, back discomfort, bladder spasms, hematuria, cloudy/dark/foul-smelling urine, malaise, chills, and fever
What is a Lower UTI?
This explanation for AKI is from the reduction of systemic circulation causing a reduction in renal blood flow leading to oliguria.
What are prerenal causes?
This explanation for AKI is from conditions that cause direct damage to kidney tissue.
What are intrarenal causes?
This is the most common type of stone of the 5 categories.
What are Calcium stones?
This kind of hypovolemia is from the loss of fluid from intravascular fluid volume. This may result from hemorrhage, GI loss, hyperglycemia, GI, and diuresis.
What is absolute hypovolemia?
Includes s/s of flank pain, chills, fever, fatigue, anorexia, or no symptoms at all.
What is Upper UTI?
This explanation for AKI is from mechanical obstruction of outflow which results reflux intro the renal pelvis, impairing kidney function
What are postrenal causes?
This includes s/s of UO<400 mL/day, SG: 1.010, Osmolality: 300 mOsm/kg, metabolic acidosis, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, occurring 1-7 post-injury, and lasting 10-14 days
What is the oliguric phase?
This is a pain that originates in lumbar regions and radiates around the side and down to the testicles in men and to the bladder in women
What is Renal colic?
This kind of hypovolemia results when fluid volume moves out of the vascular space into the extravascular space. This has also been termed third spacing.
What is relative hypovolemia?
This helps to prevent CLABSI including both hand hygiene and antiseptic insertion.
What is infection prevention?
This includes s/s of UO of 1-3L/day, hypovolemia, hypotension, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and dehydration
What is the diuretic phase?
This is the stage in which the body is healing which takes up to 12 months, but it is influenced by the severity of injury and complications
What is the recovery phase?
These are the medications used to help treat pain and obstructions (3)
What are opioids, NSAIDS, and tamsulosin?
These focused assessment includes VS, LOC< skin, and UO to help focus assessments of hypovolemic shock.
What are the ABCs and tissue perfusion?
This includes discouraging caffeine products such as coffee, tea, and cola
What is dietary teaching with UTIs?
This medication along with sodium bicarbonate helps to temporarily move K+ into cells.
What is insulin?
These medications help to ensure adequate intravascular volume and cardiac output
What are loop diuretics and osmotic diuretics?
This is done after the passage of the stone to determine the type of stone and assist in determining treatment. As a result, nurses need to strain all the urine.
What is stone analysis?
A blood loss that is greater than this percent results in a need for blood volume to be replaced.
What is 30%?
The most common pathogen with UTIs
What is Escherichia coli (E. Coli)?
This population is more susceptible to AKI due to risk for dehydration, hypotension, decreased GFR, and other factors.
What is the geriatric population?
This includes the use of peritoneal and intermittent hemodialysis along with continuous renal replacement therapy.
What is RRT?
These are the possible sites and causes of upper and lower urinary tract obstructions.
What are the pelvis, ureter (intrinsic and extrinsic), bladder, ureterovesical junction, prostate, and urethral stricture?
This includes anxiety, tachypnea, increase CO, tachycardia, hypotension, and others.
What are the manifestations of hypovolemic shock?