Learning
Forming associations between pairs of stimuli that occur sequentially in time
What is classical conditioning?
The processing of information into the memory system
What is encoding?
Believed that humans have one general intelligence called g
Who is Charles Spearman?
Average score for IQ tests
What is 100?
Occurs when new learning disrupts recall of old information
What is retroactive interference?
States that organisms will repeat behavior that is rewarded
What is Thorndike's law of effect?
Facts and experiences we know that are processed through conscious effortful processing
What are explicit memories?
Intelligence required for everyday tasks; a shrewd ability to manage oneself, one's tasks, and other people
What is practical intelligence?
Shows that intelligence test performance has been improving since the 1930s partly due to better nutrition, more education, more stimulating environments, etc.
What is the Flynn effect?
A problematic tendency to search for information that only supports one's preconceptions and to ignore any contradictory evidence
What is confirmation bias?
When an aversive stimulus is removed
What is negative reinforcement?
Effortful processing strategy that involves spreading out short practice sessions
What is distributed practice?
Introduced 8 different types of intelligence including linguistic, musical, interpersonal, etc.
Who is Howard Gardner?
When a test yields consistent results, the test is _____.
What is reliable?
Part of the brain that is necessary for transferring declarative information and explicit memories
What is the hippocampus?
When we are motivated by internal factors, such as the desire to learn or personal feelings of goodness
What is intrinsic motivation?
A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli
What is iconic memory?
Formulated the triarchic theory of intelligence consisting of analytical, creative, and practical intelligence
Who is Robert Sternberg?
Ability to reason abstractly and solve problems in unique and novel situations
What is fluid intelligence?
The tendency to respond likewise to similar stimuli to the CS
What is generalization?
Schedule of reinforcement that is the most resistant to extinction
What is variable-ratio?
Transfer of information from short-term into long-term memory without any effort and usually happens without any awareness
What is automatic processing?
Someone who scores low on intelligence tests, sometimes has limited language ability, or possesses an exceptional specific skill might have __________.
What is savant syndrome?
The extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest
What is content validity?
Forming associations between behaviors and their consequences
What is operant conditioning?