DNA
RNA/ Protein synthesis
Meiosis VS Mitosis
Mutations
Inheritance Patterns
100
What 3 things make up a DNA nucleotide?
deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.
100
What are the three types of RNA?
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
100
Which one (meiosis or mitosis) occurs during sexual reproduction?
Meiosis
100
What type of mutation does not change the amino acid sequence?
Silent point mutation
100
Using the letter 'h' give an example of a homozygous recessive genotype.
hh
200
What is NOT a part of a DNA molecule?
A. paired phosphate groups
B. paired nitrogenous bases
C. paired sugars
D. hydrogen and oxygen atoms
D
200
What is the purpose of RNA?
To direct protein transport; aids in protein synthesis.
200
Which process allows for the production of gametes, and genetic variation?
Meiosis
200
Which mutation makes a large difference in the thing it is mutating?
Frameshift
200
Use the letter 't' to demonstrate the genotype of someone who is heterozygous.
Tt
300
Define semi-conservative replication.
When DNA is synthesized, the finished product consists of one new DNA strand and one old DNA strand.
300
What is the flow of genetic information in protein synthesis? (AKA the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology)
DNA -> RNA -> Protein
300
Which process produces 2 somatic diploid cells?
Mitosis
300
What type of mutation is a result of an insertion or deletion of nucleotide bases?
Frameshift.
300
What are the phenotypic ratios for offspring with parents that are dihybrid?
9:3:3:1
400
Where does DNA replication and transcription take place?
The nucleus.
400
Describe the functions of mRNA and tRNA
mRNA carries part of the DNA code out of the nucleus to the ribosome, tRNA brings one amino acid at a time that correctly corresponds to the mRNA codon sequence in the ribosome
400
What are the 4 phases of cell division in mitosis?
PMAT
400
Cancer can be caused by mutations. What is cancer?
uncontrolled cell growth
400
Describe what the phenotype is for a man that is heterozygous for an allele that, when dominant is black hair, and when recessive is brown hair. (Hh)
His hair will be black.
500
What are the 4 nucleotides in DNA?
adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine.
500
What does the anticodon bind to?
The codon on mRNA.
500
In meiosis, explain what happens when crossing over occurs?
Genetic information from two homologous chromosomes is passed from one chromosome to the other, which allows for genetic variation in offspring.
500
What are two ways that mutations can be induced in a human?
Spontaneous mutations and chemical/ physical mutations.
500
When given a scenario in which a blending of traits is expressed (a red flowered parent and a white flowered parent create pink flowered offspring) what is is the mode of inheritance.
incomplete dominance; When given a scenario in which both traits are expressed (a black feathered parent and a white feathered parent create black and white feathered chicken offspring) codominance is the mode of inheritance.