Nicotine/Smoking
what is the single most preventable cause of disease, death in the U.S.
cigarette smoking
what does cigarette smoke eat away at during pregnancy?
the wharton's jelly in the umbilical cord, calcifies the umbilical cord
what is dependence? what is tolerance?
dependence is the need for substance that if unmet can cause withdrawal
tolerance is the need for greater quantities of substance to achieve pleasurable effects
what are the 5 A's?
Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange
is alcohol a stimulant or depressant?
CNS depressant
what are the cancer-causing agents in cigarettes called?
what is the most addictive substance known to man?
carcinogens; nicotine
treatment (not medication)
smoking cessation programs, hypnotherapy, acupuncture, yoga, massage
what is co-dependent vs dependent?
co-dependent: one feels worthless unless they are needed by the other (bad)
dependent: depend on one another (good)
Therapies for Addiction
CBT, REBT, DBT
how ETOH interacts with GABA and glutamate
increases GABA (feeling of calm) and suppresses glutamate (feeling of excitability)
nicotine stimulates vasoconstriction, what are some signs and symptoms of this?
increases HR, BP, peripheral vascular resistance and increases the heart's workload, tremors, sleep disorder, nausea, increased risk for vomiting
types of nicotine replacement therapy
transdermal patches (do not smoke with patch, can cause heart attack)
nicorette gum
nicotine inhalers and nasal sprays
what does SBIRT stand for?
screening, brief intervention, referral to treatment
what is milieu therapy?
art therapy, play therapy, therapy with animals
true or false: do mood and substance disorders often co-occur?
true
is nicotine a stimulant or a sedative?
stimulant, easily aroused and are usually light sleepers
manifestations in long-time smokers
deep voice, chronic cough
clinical manifestations
unsteady gait, slurred speech, tremors, bad hygiene, runny nose, blood shot/watery eyes, weight gain/loss, hyperactivity, agitation, anxious, paranoid
signs and symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome
microcephaly, low nasal bridge, epicanthal folds, thin upper lip, smooth philtrum
clinical manifestations of alcohol abuse
nausea, tremors, increased HR and BP, sweating, anxiety, irritability, insomnia, vomiting, seizures, convulsions, DTs
Symptoms of nicotine withdrawl
craving, nervousness, restlessness, irritability, impatience, hostility, insomnia, impaired concentration and weight gain
risk factors for smoking and from smoking
for smoking: age, socioeconomic status, lack of engagement in activities
from smoking: coronary heart disease, graves, early menopause, osteoporosis, SIDS, spontaneous abortion
how long after using drugs will your hair hold onto it?
90 days
how many drinks can men have a day and throughout the week compared to women?
men less than or equal to 4 drinks a day, and less than or equal to 14 drinks a week
women less than or equal to 3 drinks a day, and less than or equal to 7 drinks a week
Risk factors for alcohol abuse
genetics, sociocultural and socioeconomic, not marrying by 30, low education level, having a parent who is an alcoholic