Express Yourself!
This constitutional amendment protects freedom of speech, religion, press, petition, and assembly.
What is the First Amendment?
This amendment protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures.
What is the Fourth Amendment?
This amendment granted women the right to vote.
What is the 19th Amendment?
This clause in the First Amendment prohibits the government from establishing an official religion.
What is the Establishment Clause?
This legal standard, applied in equal protection cases, requires laws discriminating based on race to serve a "compelling state interest."
What is strict scrutiny?
This legal doctrine allows government to limit speech that incites immediate lawless action.
What is the "clear and present danger" test? (later replaced with the imminent lawless action" test)
This rule prevents illegally obtained evidence from being used in court.
What is the exclusionary rule?
This law banned literacy tests and other discriminatory voting practices.
What is the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
This case struck down a law requiring public school prayer, ruling it unconstitutional.
What is Engel v. Vitale (1962)?
This case ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.
What is Brown v. Board of Education (1954)?
This term refers to the government restricting speech before it is published.
What is prior restraint?
This Supreme Court case required states to provide attorneys for defendants who cannot afford one.
What is Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)?
This type of law requires voters to provide government-issued identification before casting a ballot. This is a law that (President) Elon Musk is currently trying to push with the special elections for Congress in various states and Wisconsin's Supreme Court race.
What are voter ID laws?
This clause protects individuals’ rights to practice their religion freely.
What is the Free Exercise Clause?
This law outlawed segregation and discrimination in public places and employment.
What is the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
This landmark case ruled that students do not shed their constitutional rights at the schoolhouse gate.
What is Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)?
This case led to the requirement that suspects be informed of their rights before being interrogated.
What is Miranda v. Arizona (1966)?
The process of drawing legislative district boundaries to benefit a political party is known as this.
What is gerrymandering?
This Supreme Court case struck down school-sponsored prayer as unconstitutional.
What is Engel v. Vitale (1962)?
The practice of drawing district lines based on race to dilute minority voting power is known as this.
What is racial gerrymandering?
This doctrine, which applies parts of the Bill of Rights to the states using the 14th Amendment's Due Process Clause, has expanded free speech protections over time.
What is selective incorporation?
This legal protection prevents someone from being tried twice for the same crime.
What is double jeopardy?
This Supreme Court case ruled that districts must have equal populations to ensure fair representation.
What is Baker v. Carr (1962)?
The Supreme Court case established this three-part test to determine if a law violates the Establishment Clause. (name the case and test)
What is Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971) and the Lemon Test?
This Supreme Court case upheld affirmative action but ruled against racial quotas in college admissions.
What is Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)?