Elements and compounds / MISC
What four elements make up most living things?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen (CHON)
What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?
Simple sugars (glucose)
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
What type of macromolecule are enzymes?
Proteins
The enzyme denatures (loses its shape)
Digestion
Organic compounds always contain which two elements?
Carbon and Hydrogen
What is the main function of carbohydrates?
Immediate energy
Give two examples of proteins our bodies make.
Enzymes, hormones, receptors, antibodies, cell organelles
What is another word for a biological catalyst?
Enzyme
Combining amino acids into proteins is an example of what process?
Synthesis
Which of the following is inorganic: glucose, starch, water, or protein?
Water
What are the building blocks of lipids?
Fatty acids and glycerol
What is the function of nucleic acids?
Store and transmit genetic information
Why is an enzyme’s shape important?
Shape determines function; enzymes are specific
Which process builds larger molecules from smaller ones?
Synthesis
Besides number of strands what is another difference between RNA and DNA
RNA Contains Uracil (U) , While DNA contains Thymine (T)
Besides storing energy, what is one other function of lipids?
Protection / insulation
What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
Name two factors that can change the shape of an enzyme.
Temperature and pH
Which process breaks large molecules into smaller subunits?
Digestion
Distinguish between Active Site and Substrate
Which provides more long-term stored energy: carbohydrates or lipids?
Lipids
DNA is __________ stranded, while RNA is __________ stranded.
DNA = double stranded; RNA = single stranded
Why does enzyme activity stop at extreme temperatures?
The enzyme denatures (loses its shape)
Why are enzymes necessary for both digestion and synthesis?
They speed up (catalyze) chemical reactions so they can occur in living organisms