The Enlightenment
What is the Enlightenment?
A. A period focused only on religious revival and rejecting science.
B. A time when kings increased their power and limited public debate.
C. A period when people used reason and logic instead of tradition to understand and improve life.
D. A time when most countries banned new ideas and closed universities.
C. A period when people used reason and logic instead of tradition to understand and improve life.
What idea did most Enlightenment thinkers support?
A. Governments should protect the rights of the people.
B. Freedom should be given as a reward for loyalty to the king.
C. Religious tolerance is a dangerous concept.
D. Absolute monarchy is the most effective government.
A. Governments should protect the rights of the people.
Which National Assembly act most directly embodied Enlightenment ideals?
A. Drafting the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen to demand natural rights and free speech.
B. Raising taxes that burdened the poorest members of society to pay Knights and Nobles for their labor.
C. Reinforcing aristocratic privileges and legal exemptions for nobles and knights.
D. Shutting down public schools, libraries, and centers of learning at the request of the monarchy.
A. Drafting the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen to demand natural rights and free speech.
Why is the Haitian Revolution important in world history?
A. It was the first successful slave rebellion that created an independent Black republic.
B. It was the last Caribbean colony to be settled by European powers.
C. It replaced all plantation economies with industrial factories across the region.
D. It caused immediate worldwide abolition of slavery in every country.
A. It was the first successful slave rebellion that created an independent Black republic.
What was one reason Creoles led the independence movements?
A. They had the lowest social status and wanted greater rights.
B. They were strongly loyal to the Spanish crown.
C. They controlled much land and were influenced by Enlightenment and American revolutionary ideas.
D. They were recent immigrants with no ties to colonial society.
C. They controlled much land and were influenced by Enlightenment and American revolutionary ideas.
How did freedom of speech affect human rights and justice?
A. It allowed people to protest against government corruption.
B. It allowed judges to sentence criminals to longer prison terms.
C. It allowed businesses to demand lower taxes.
D. It allowed governments to arrest those that harm the environment.
A. It allowed people to protest against government corruption.
After the Enlightenment revolutions, were there limits to liberty in new governments?
A. No—everyone had the same rights.
B. Few limits—only criminals could lose rights.
C. Some limits—native and enslaved people often did not receive rights.
D. Many limits—only the wealthy people had rights.
C. Some limits—native and enslaved people often did not receive rights.
What is the system that gave the First and Second Estates tax advantages and political power over the Third Estate?
A. Feudalism
B. Three Estates system
C. The Directory
D. Mercantilism
B. Three Estates system
How did French rule in Haiti cause conflict leading to revolution?
A. France created enslavement systems denying Africans human rights.
B. France fought wars that destroyed Haiti’s environment.
C. France restricted trade and raised taxes on Haitians.
D. France required one religion sponsored by the church.
A. France created enslavement systems denying Africans human rights.
How did Spanish colonial rule affect power in the Americas?
A. Power held by indigenous people.
B. Power held by the military.
C. Power equally distributed.
D. Power held by an elite minority group.
D. Power held by an elite minority group.
Read John Locke: “Men being, as has been said, by nature, all free, equal, and independent, no one can be... subjected to the political power of another, without his own consent.” Which idea is shown?
A. People can and should improve over time.
B. People have a right to equality and freedom.
C. Reason and logic state that kings should rule.
D. Reason and logic show that religion should rule.
B. People have a right to equality and freedom.
Read Montesquieu: “There is no liberty if the judicial power be not separated from the legislative and executive.” Which summarizes his view?
A. Government should not give much liberty to its people.
B. Government should be ruled by a monarch.
C. Government should be controlled by one body of magistrates.
D. Government should be divided into separate powers.
D. Government should be divided into separate powers.
Which Revolutionary reform most directly illustrates the Declaration of the Rights of Man claim that “Men are born and remain free and equal… liberty, property, security”?
A. Reinstating noble tax exemptions and feudal obligations.
B. Establishing laws that granted equal citizenship and protected property rights.
C. Creating laws that guaranteed equal citizenship and protected private property.
D. Expanding the clergy’s judicial and political authority over citizens.
B. Establishing laws that granted equal citizenship and protected property rights.
Which supports the idea that the Haitian Revolution was the most radical?
A. It established a government controlled by a foreign emperor.
B. It established a government led primarily by religious authorities.
C. It transformed Haiti into a dependent territory of the United States.
D. It ended slavery in Haiti and created a free Black nation.
D. It ended slavery in Haiti and created a free Black nation.
Which slogan would most directly express the colonists' objection to being taxed by Parliament when they lacked elected representatives there?
A. "Long live the king's right to tax."
B. "No taxation without representation." [B]
C. "Taxation helps keep order in the colonies."
D. "Only Parliament can protect colonial rights."
B. "No taxation without representation."
Which statement best describes the long-term effects of Enlightenment ideas about equality and rights on women in various countries?
A. Enlightenment ideas led to rights for women in only one country.
B. Women immediately received full political equality after the Enlightenment.
C. Enlightenment thought discouraged women from seeking reforms.
D. Enlightenment ideas inspired gradual reforms for women's rights.
D. Enlightenment ideas inspired gradual reforms for women's rights.
Why did “all men are created equal” threaten absolute monarchs?
A. The king would lose power because he claimed he was chosen by God.
B. The common people would use ideas to challenge the king.
C. The clergy would kick the king out of the church.
D. The nobles would use it to seize power.
A. The king would lose power because he claimed he was chosen by God.
Which reason best explains why many French citizens accepted Napoleon’s rise after the Revolution?
A. He pledged to restore estates and aristocratic tax privileges.
B. He provided stability, legal reforms, and economic improvements after chaos.
C. He ordered the closure of schools to suppress revolutionary ideas.
D. He refused to negotiate peace with other European powers.
B. He provided stability, legal reforms, and economic improvements after chaos.
How did Haiti’s 1798 ban on racial discrimination expose a problem in France and the United States?
A. It showed nations could grant equality while France and the United States still excluded people of color.
B. It demonstrated that Haiti had a more powerful military than European states.
C. It revealed that trade regulations were incompatible with republican governments.
D. It forced France and the United States to extend voting rights to all people.
A. It showed nations could grant equality while France and the United States still excluded people of color.
How did colonists respond to the Stamp Act, Tea Act, and taxes?
A. They sent an army to Britain.
B. They boycotted and damaged British goods.
C. They only used nonviolent protest.
D. They agreed with the king’s decisions.
B. They boycotted and damaged British goods.
Which action by a ruler would most directly conflict with Enlightenment principles?
A. Reinforcing the king's absolute authority over the law.
B. Suppressing all political debate to maintain order.
C. Combining judicial, legislative, and executive power in one person.
D. Forbidding a religious group from practicing their faith.
D. Forbidding a religious group from practicing their faith.
Separation of church and state changed governments by:
A. Barring the church from freedom of speech.
B. Preventing governments from promoting one religion over others.
C. Letting the church control the courts.
D. Forcing governments to choose one national religion.
B. Preventing governments from promoting one religion over others.
What similarity links the Three Estates system and King Louis XVI?
A. Both abused power and exploited the lowest class.
B. Both carried out the Reign of Terror.
C. Both worked to form a fair democracy.
D. Both agreed on fair working conditions.
A. Both abused power and exploited the lowest class.
How might Haiti’s successful revolt cause a reaction in the United States from both enslaved people and slave owners?
A. Enslaved people might resist or escape, and owners might ignore the news entirely.
B. Enslaved people might resist or escape, and owners might grant freedom to some.
C. Enslaved people might resist or escape, and owners might tighten laws and punishments.
D. Enslaved people might resist or escape, and owners might relocate plantations elsewhere.
C. Enslaved people might resist or escape, and owners might tighten laws and punishments.
Why is the American Revolution a turning point globally?
A. It ended slavery worldwide.
B. It inspired others to seek democracy and independence.
C. It created world peace organizations.
D. It started a conflict in Europe.
B. It inspired others to seek democracy and independence.