Concepts & Migration
What is a cultural region?
It is an area where groups of people share similar ways of life.
In which part of Texas did the Caddo live?
The Caddo lived in the forests and river valleys of East Texas.
Where did the Karankawa live?
They lived along the Texas Gulf Coast near bays, beaches, and coastal plains.
What resource was especially important to the Lipan Apache?
Bison were important for food and materials used for clothing, shelter, and tools.
Where did many Jumano live?
They lived in West Texas, often near rivers and dry desert or mountain lands.
What does it mean to adapt to an environment?
It means changing how you live to use the land, climate, and resources around you.
How did the Caddo get much of their food?
They farmed crops such as corn, beans, and squash and also hunted and gathered.
Which foods were important to the Karankawa?
Fish, shellfish, and other coastal plants and animals were important foods.
Why were tipis useful to the Lipan Apache?
Tipis could be taken down and moved as families traveled across the plains.
Why were adobe homes useful in West Texas?
Adobe was made from local earth, and its thick walls helped protect people from heat and cold.
Why did most settlers in Texas welcome railroad tracks crossing the vast territory of the state?
Most rivers were shallow and flooded easily and that made trade difficult.
What type of homes did the Caddo build?
They built sturdy, dome-shaped houses covered with grass.
How did dugout canoes help the Karankawa?
Canoes helped them travel on coastal waters and gather food.
How did horses affect Lipan Apache life?
Horses made travel and bison hunting faster and helped move belongings.
How did rivers help the Jumano?
Rivers supplied water for people and for farming crops such as corn, beans, and squash.
How might the earliest people have reached the Americas?
They crossed the Bering Strait from Asia and migrated southward over many years.
Why did many Caddo live in permanent villages?
Fertile soil, rivers, forests, and farming provided resources in one place.
Why did the Karankawa use portable shelters?
They moved seasonally to follow available food and other coastal resources.
Why did Lipan Apache groups move often?
They followed bison herds and traveled to find seasonal food and water.
Why were trade and travel important to the Jumano?
They traded crops, pottery, hides, and other goods with groups from different regions.
What does nomadic and sedentary mean?
Nomadic means to move. Sedentary means to stay.
What economic activities were used by various early American Indian groups in Texas to meet their needs and wants?
Farming, hunting, and trading
Which one of the following American Indian groups remains in Texas today? (HINT: IT IS NOT THE KARANKAWA)
Alabama-Coushatta
How did Native American tribes across Texas adapt and modify their environment for survival?
They wore the fur of buffalo during the winter months to keep warm AND They irrigated farmland
Which groups depended strongly on farming? (extra points if you say both tribes)
Jumano and Caddo