The Gilded Age
What four major industries fueled America's Industrial Revolution? (hint: R.O.S.E.)
Railroads, Oil, Steel, and Electricity.
What were journalists who exposed corruption, poverty, and unsafe conditions called?
Muckrakers.
What is nativism?
Favoring native-born Americans and showing hostility toward immigrants.
Who made automobiles more affordable through mass production?
On what date did Black Tuesday occur?
October 29, 1929
What is a monopoly?
When one company controls the majority of an industry.
Who founded Hull House in Chicago?
Jane Addams.
What did the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 do?
It prohibited Chinese laborers from immigrating to the United States and restricted Chinese immigration.
What is mass production
Producing large quantities of goods quickly and efficiently.
What happened to many Americans when the Great Depression began?
Millions lost their jobs or experienced pay cuts.
What is the difference between horizontal and vertical integration?
Horizontal integration involves buying similar companies, while vertical integration involves buying companies involved in different stages of production.
What was the purpose of the Social Gospel movement?
To help others and reform society through Christian teachings.
What was the Harlem Renaissance?
A flourishing of African American art, music, literature, and culture.
What was a flapper?
A young woman in the 1920s who embraced independence, new fashions, and changing social behaviors.
What happened when Americans rushed to withdraw their money from banks?
Bank runs occurred, causing many banks to fail and Americans to lose their savings.
What was laissez-faire, and how did it affect businesses?
A hands-off approach by the government that allowed businesses to operate with little regulation.
What did the 18th Amendment accomplish?
It prohibited alcohol in the United States.
Who were the two African American leaders whose approaches to achieving racial equality you studied?
Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois.
What were two characteristics of urban society during the 1920s?
Diversity, consumerism, freedom, and entertainment.
What were Hoovervilles?
Shantytowns where homeless Americans lived during the Great Depression.
What was the purpose of labor unions, and how did strikes help workers?
Labor unions organized workers to demand better conditions and wages. Strikes stopped production to pressure employers into accepting their demands.
What did the 19th Amendment accomplish?
It granted women the right to vote.
What happened during the Wilmington Race Riot of 1898?
White supremacists violently overthrew Wilmington's elected biracial government and attacked the city's Black community.
By the end of the 1920s, factories were producing more goods than Americans could afford or needed to buy. What were these two problems called?
Overproduction and underconsumption.
What did President Hoover mean by rugged individualism?
The belief that Americans could overcome hardships through hard work, perseverance, and personal responsibility.