Beh. Genetics I
Observed or expressed characteristics or traits (e.g., presence of disease, creativity).
What is phenotype?
Selective breeding in humans, including involuntary sterilization and murder.
What is eugenics?
This common measure of brain activity does not provide a computerized picture of the brain.
What is an EEG?
The names of the three clusters of personality disorders.
What are Eccentric, Erratic, and Anxious?
This cluster includes two disorders with criteria that overlap with schizophrenia.
What is the Eccentric cluster?
The approximate % of DNA shared between fraternal twins.
What is 50%?
This allele (gene variant) has been connected to novelty seeking in molecular genetics research.
What is DRD4?
This personality type is connected to elevated cardiac responses to stressors.
What is the Type A personality?
Among competing diagnoses, a clinician looks for evidence to support a single disorder.
What is a differential diagnosis?
The approximate % of U.S.A. adults today who meet the criteria for at least one personality disorder diagnosis.
What is 15% or about 1 in 7?
What is twins?
2 students, who differ in extraversion, are in the same study group for a class. The extraverted student benefits from the study group's discussion, while the introverted student feels overwhelmed by the conversation. This is an example of a __________.
What is a genotype-environment interaction?
Temporal isolation research allows participants to revert to their circadian cycles. This is the term that refers to this natural state for participants without time cues.
What is free running?
These two personality disorders involve emotions and behaviors related to a fear of abandonment.
What are Borderline and Dependent Personality Disorders?
A theorized cause for this disorder is an inability to experience fear.
What is Antisocial Personality Disorder?
A mother and her biological daughter who live in the same household score similarly on a measure of neuroticism. This method would suggest a genetic component to neuroticism, but could not rule out environmental influences completely.
What is the family studies method?
Narcissism varies greatly in the U.S.A. today. Researchers examine the narcissism survey scores of identical twins who grew up apart and find that the scores are nearly identical! The (heritability/environmentality) estimate will be nearly 100%
What is heritability?
This is the explanation as to why high sensation-seekers tend to have lower MAO levels.
What is that MAO breaks down neurotransmitters so with too little, neuronal transmission continues and perhaps maintains sensation-seeking activity. In other words, there is a weak break on inhibition.
This term refers to a diagnosis of more than one personality disorder.
What is comorbidity?
These are the three "P's" that distinguish personality disorders from other clinical disorders.
What are persistent, pervasive, and problematic?
Using the example of the personality trait agreeableness and a population of the U.S.A. today, define heritability.
What is the proportion of variation in agreeableness due to genetic variation among Americans today?
The recent coronavirus pandemic may increase the susceptibility to depression and anxiety in an individual's grandchildren. Explain how this might occur through epigenetics.
Answers may vary. Pandemic-related stress may alter the methylation of genes underlying depression and anxiety and increase their likelihood among offspring across generations.
These are some of the physiological correlates of having a circadian cycle of less than 24 hours.
There may be positive and negative effects of receiving a psychiatric diagnosis, such as _____.
Answers will vary.
People with disorders are viewed as having extreme or distress-causing levels of traits that all people have, in this perspective of disorders.
What is the dimensional approach?