Energy, Energy, Energy
What are the 2 Main Types of Energy?
Potential Energy
Kinetic Energy
Imagine a ball at the top of the hill. We know that the ball has potential energy - what type of energy does the potential energy change into?
Potential Energy -> Kinetic Energy
Draw a Graph.
Label which side of the graph shows distance and which side of the graph shows time.
Distance (left-hand side or y-axis)
Time (bottom side or x-axis)
What does a horizontal, straight line mean in a distance vs. time graph?
Object is AT REST / NOT MOVING!
Fill in the Blank:
Science can change with new _______ and _______.
Information
Evidence
Define Mechanical Energy
Mechanical Energy = Kinetic Energy + Potential Energy
Mechanical Energy is the SUM of Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy
** - 200 Points if you said Mechanical Energy is a type of Kinetic Energy!
True / False:
In a closed system, Potential Energy cannot change into Kinetic Energy.
False!
Potential Energy Converts / Changes into Kinetic Energy.
Write down the formula for speed
Double Points:
What are the units that we use to show the speed of an object?
Speed = Distance / Time
Double Points:
meters / second
Write the difference between what a curved line means and what a straight line means in a distance vs. time graph.
Curved Line = changing speed
Straight Line = same, constant speed
Write down the difference between replication and repetition.
Repetition: repeating your own experiment and procedures
Replication: repeating someone else's experiment and procedures (& getting similar results)
DOUBLE POINTS!!
There are 4 main types of kinetic energy. Write down each type!
Electrical Kinetic Energy
Light (Radiant) Kinetic Energy
Thermal Kinetic Energy
Sound Kinetic Energy
We have several examples of Conservation of Energy: Bob on a Hill, Skate Park, Professor Lewin & Wrecking Ball, and the Pendulum. Describe what type of energy is at the Top of the Hill / Pendulum.
Double Points: As Bob / Pendulum / Wrecking Ball goes down, what happens to the energy?
Potential Energy at the top of the hill
Potential Energy changes into Kinetic Energy.
In a distance vs. time graph, what does the SLOPE / shape of the line represent
The speed of an object
Let's say we have two lines in a distance vs. time graph. Both lines are straight and diagonal but one line points up while the other points down. What is the MAIN DIFFERENCE between these two lines?
One line shows an object moving away (pointing up)
One lines shows an object returning (pointing down)
Why do we replicate other people's experiments in science?
To validate / support other scientists' data
To make sure your experiment is valid
Write down the MAIN DIFFERENCE between kinetic energy and potential energy.
Kinetic Energy is energy due to motion
Potential Energy is stored energy due to the shape / position of the object!
Let's Think about a roller coaster!!
It starts from the top, travels to the bottom of the track, and comes back to the top of the hill. Describe what type of energy the roller coaster has at the bottom of the hill, and what happens to the energy as it comes back up the hill.
At the bottom of the hill, there is only Kinetic Energy.
As it comes back up the hill, the kinetic energy transforms / converts into potential energy.
Fill in the Blank:
In order to measure the speed, we use _____ and _____.
** Double Points if you identify what you measure with the individual objects
Ruler (to measure distance)
Stopwatch (to measure time)
Let's say we throw a baseball into the air!
The baseball has an original speed, and the slows down over time. Draw the movement of the baseball in a distance vs. time graph!
Answer: In a distance vs. time graph, it needs to be a downward curve.
What are the two requirements for an experiment to be replicable?
1. It has to be able to be repeated by another scientist
2. After repeating someone else's procedures, one must get similar results.
Let's Imagine!
You have a slingshot - you hold the slingshot back, stretching the rubber. What type of energy does this demonstrate?
A - kinetic energy
B - mechanical energy
C - potential energy
D - gravitational energy
C - Potential Energy
(Double Points if they can specify it as Elastic Potential Energy)
Which of these is an example of kinetic energy transforming into potential energy?
A - a rock sitting still at the top of a hill
B - a stretched rubber band waiting to be released from a slingshot
C - a person riding a bike to the top of a hill
D - water stored behind a dam
C - a person riding a bike to the top of the hill
Let's say we see the distance vs. time graph of a runner. Imagine it's a straight, diagonal line. What can the runner do to make the slope of the line steeper?
A - Stop running
B - Decrease speed
C - Maintain the same speed
D - Increase speed
D - Increase speed
Double Points!!!
In a distance vs. time graph, draw the movements of four objects that have constant and unchanging speeds but different speeds from each other.
In a distance vs. time graph, we should see 4 straight lines, all coming from the origin, that are all heading in different directions.
If a scientist repeats an experiment several times and obtains the same results, then those results are considered more valid than results from a single experiment. Which of the following would most likely increase the validity of results obtained by a scientist who has already repeated an experiment several times?
A - The scientist can check the hypothesis.
B - Other scientists can repeat the experiment and get similar results.
C - The scientist can repeat the experiment additional times.
D - The scientist can recalculate the results.
B - Other scientists can repeat the experiment and get similar results.