The Fungi Kingdom
What are three types of fungi?
Yeasts, moulds, and mushrooms.
Can viruses move outside of a host on their own?
No, they can only replicate inside a host cell.
The monera kingdom consists of all ___.
The monera kingdom consists of all bacteria.
Please identify the two groups of protists.
Autotropic protists, such as algae, and heterotrophic protists, such as protozoa.
True or False: more than one type of fungus can cause athlete's foot.
True.
Are fungi multicellular or unicellular?
They can be both.
Please list three common human diseases caused by viruses.
The common cold, the flu, chickenpox, and mumps.
Some bacteria move using flagella.
How do protozoans move?
By using the cilia, flagella, or pseudopods.
Are all bacteria harmful?
Some bacteria may cause infections and illness, but not all bacteria. Some bacteria in our bodies are used to protect us from illnesses and may be used in medicines to help us feel better.
How do fungi reproduce?
Fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually, which allows them to survive in many environments. Asexual spores are the most common form of asexual reproduction.
Are viruses considered living things? Why or why not?
Generally, they are not considered to be living. They do not have a cell structure and do not perform all seven life processes.
What is binary fission?
When bacteria reproduce asexually, a single cell divides into two identical cells.
Can algae reproduce sexually or asexually?
Both.
Algae can reproduce asexually through binary fission, spores, or fragmentation (the body breaks into several parts and each one develops into an individual alga).
List three processes in the food industry that use bacteria.
2.) Preserving certain foods.
3.) Yeast produces bread products.
4.) Are used in supplements/vitamins.
How do fungi get nutrients?
They may feed on decomposing organic matter, cause diseases in plants and animals, and establish symbiotic relationships with other organisms.
What is the structure of viruses?
Viruses have a strand of nucleic acid surrounded by a protective protein coat called a capsid. Some have a membrane of lipid surrounding the protein and some have a tail.
Please identify and define the two nutritional processes of bacteria.
Autotropic: perform photosynthesis and other chemical processes to make food.
Heterotrophic: obtaining nutrition in many different ways, such as eating dead/decaying animals, establishing relationships with other living things so they both benefit, and living on or in other things (but the hosts are damaged).
Please discuss the nutritional processes of protozoans.
All protozoans are heterotrophs and eat bacteria, algae, or other protozoans. They can be predators (feed off live organic matter) or detritivores (eat decomposing organic matter). They ingest their food by a process called phagocytosis, where the cell membrane surrounds and eats a food particle or microorganism.
Are algae plants? Justify your answer.
Please discuss how fungi are important and how they may be harmful.
Fungi are decomposers that break down decaying organic matter and transform it into inorganic matter. Yeast is used for fermentation and mushrooms are eaten by humans. Fungi are used in medical research and in many medicines.
Parasitic fungi cause infections in humans called mycoses.
Please draw a diagram of how a virus "reproduces" and label it.
1.) The virus attaches to a cell membrane. The whole virus or its genetic material is injected into the cell.
2.) The host cell follows the instructions from the virus and replicates the nucleic acids and produces the capsid and tail proteins.
3.) A new virus is created and released. This can destroy the host cell.
Please discuss how bacteria is important and how they may be harmful.
Importance of bacteria: some produce and release oxygen into the atmosphere, decompose things at the end of food chains and webs, transform organic matter into inorganic matter, protect mammals from illness, are used to make/preserve food products, and used to make medicines.
How bacteria are harmful: may cause infections in humans and other living things.
Please discuss the importance of algae and how algae may be harmful.
Algae feed aquatic herbivores and produce oxygen (most common producers in aquatic ecosystems), used as a food coloring/thickener, and used in medical research.
Some algae can produce red tides, which are harmful to wildlife, human health, aquatic ecosystems, and can reduce the oxygen levels of water.
Please explain what could happen to an ecosystem if algae stop thriving.
Without algae, bacteria would become the most common food source in the ocean. Ocean food webs would fall apart, so animals would die. Less oxygen would produce as organic material decays, which would hurt life in the ocean and on land. The ocean ecosystem would fall apart.