Acids and Bases
pH Buffers
Titration
Solubility
100
What is the definition of an Arrhenius base?
a species that produces OH- ions in water
100
What are the three properties that a pH buffer helps resist?
addition of H+ or OH-, and dilution
100
Titrations are used to determine what?
concentrations of dissolved acids/bases, or percentages of solid mixtures of acids/bases
100
What is solubility?
the amount of a substance that will dissolve per unit volume
200
What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of an acid?
A proton donor
200
What are pH buffers composed of?
significant amount of conjugate acid-base pairs
200
What is the end point of a titration?
a physical change (color)
200
How is the solubility product constant (Ksp) calculated?
using solubility
300
Show how NH3 acts as a base according to the Bronsted-Lowry concept.
NH3 + H20 <-> NH4+ + OH-
300
The consumption of H+ and OH- ions is done by what type of reaction?
neutralization reaction
300
What is a titration curve?
a plot of the volume of a titrant versus pH
300
What reactions form a solid precipitate from the mixing of solutions of soluble ionic compounds?
Precipitation reactions
400
How are conjugate acids formed?
When a proton is donated from a Bronsted-Lowry base.
400
When OH- ions are added to a buffer system, what would you expect to happen to the pH?
Increases but not by much
400
What is the difference in shape of titration curves when comparing strongs and weaks?
strongs have an almost vertical change in pH while weaks are not nearly as steep
400
What happens to the solubility when in the presence of a common ion?
decrease
500
What does amphiprotic mean and give an example
A species that can either donate or accept a proton. Ex: water, HCO3
500
The effectiveness of a buffer improves if:
1. the concentrations of the conjugate acid-base pairs are large 2. the concentrations of conjugate acid and base are the same (1:1 ratio)
500
What is the equivalence point of a curve for a weak base with a strong acid?
pH < 7.0
500
Do other equilibriums effect solubility?
Yes
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