Collective Rights
These two groups are the primary "Official Language Minorities" protected by the Charter.
Who are Francophones (outside Quebec) and Anglophones (inside Quebec)?
This historical piece of legislation defines who is considered a "Status Indian" in the eyes of the Canadian government.
What is the Indian Act?
Louis Riel is famously known as the "Father" of this Canadian province.
What is Manitoba?
This factor influences immigration policy by ensuring newcomers do not bring contagious diseases that could threaten the Canadian public.
What is Health?
This province has its own unique immigration agreement with the federal government to ensure newcomers speak French.
What is Québec?
Government-sponsored, church-run school system established to assimilate Indigenous children
What are residential schools
These three distinct groups are recognized as "Aboriginal peoples" under Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982.
Who are First Nations, Métis, and Inuit?
Riel led the Red River Resistance in 1869 and this second resistance in 1885.
What is the North-West Resistance (or Rebellion)?
Immigration Levels Plan prioritizes this category of immigrants, making up about 64% of all admissions.
What is the Economic category?
This program allows individual provinces to "nominate" immigrants who have specific skills needed in their local economy.
What is the Provincial Nominee Program (PNP)?
In 2025, the federal government committed over $343 million through 2028 to this province to protect and promote the French language.
What is Québec?
This specific numbered treaty, covering much of central Alberta and Saskatchewan, was the first to include a "medicine chest" clause.
What is Treaty 6?
This 1870 Act, negotiated by Riel's government, brought Manitoba into Confederation and protected Métis land.
What is the Manitoba Act?
Reasons people come to a new country?
What are Pull Factors
Changes to refugee policy are often a direct reflection of these, such as wars, natural disasters, or political persecution.
What are world issues/global crises?
This term refers to the legal right of First Nations to govern themselves and their own affairs.
What is Self-Determination (or Self-Government)?
These agreements (like Treaty 6, 7, and 8) were signed between First Nations and the Queen.
What are Numbered Treaties?
Indigenous group that emerged from the union of First Nations and Europeans.
Who are the Metis?
Unlike an "immigrant" who chooses to move, this is a person who is forced to flee their home due to war or persecution.
What is a refugee?
This 2002 law is the primary piece of legislation that governs who is allowed into Canada
What is the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act
This 1982 constitutional document.
What is the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms?
This term refers to the 1985 amendment to the Indian Act that restored status to women who had lost it by marrying non-Indigenous men.
What is Bill C-31?
Historically, the government used this system—giving out certificates redeemable for land or money—to extinguish Métis land titles.
What is the Scrip System?
This is the primary reason Canada accepts refugees—it is not for economic gain, but for this.
What is humanitarianism (or saving lives/offering protection)?
Which act established the bilingual and bicultural nature of Canada?
What is the British North America Act