Unit 3 Revision

U3T1 (Biodiversity & Classification)

100

This type of diversity refers to the variety of different species in an area

Species diversity

200

The Linnaean classification system ranks organisms in levels; this level comes above genus and below family.

Species

300

Identify one limitation of the biological species concept

Asexual reproduction

Fossils/Extinct organisms

Hybrids

400

Identify the problem with this key and explain how it could affect classification accuracy. 

Characteristics are not mutually exclusive (so could fit both) meaning people may classify it differently leading to misidentification. 

500

Which distribution pattern would make random quadrat sampling the least reliable and why?

Bonus (200 points): What are the names of the three types of distribution?

Clumped distribution because individuals are unevenly distributed increasing sampling error and bias.

Bonus: 

        Uniform            Random           Clumped

U3T1 (Sampling & Fieldwork)

100

This sampling technique uses a square frame to estimate abundance or percentage cover.

A quadrat

200

This sampling method reduced bias by ensuring all parts of a habitat have an equal chance of being selected. 

Random Sampling

300

This type of sampling is best when an area has clearly different habitat zones e.g. Forest edge, mid-canopy, creekline

Stratified Sampling

400

In capture–recapture, you first mark 40 organisms. Later you capture 50, and 10 are marked. Use the Lincoln Index to estimate population size.

N=mM×n=1040×50

=200

500

Two sites each have 10 total individuals and 5 species. Both have the same species richness. Which has higher biodiversity and why?

• Site A counts: 2,2,2,2,2
• Site B counts: 6,1,1,1,1

Site A, because it has greater evenness (more equal relative abundance) therefore SDI would be higher

U3T2 (Populations)

100

This population growth curve is S-shaped and levels off at carrying capacity.

Logistic Growth

200

This term describes the maximum population size an environment can sustainably support. 

Carrying Capacity

300

These organisms tend to produce many offspring, mature quickly, and show boom–bust population patterns.

r-strategists

400

A population begins with 500 individuals. Over a year: births = 80, deaths = 50, immigration = 30, emigration = 70. What is the net change?

(80+30)−(50+70)=−10, so the population decreases by 10

500

A population shows a rapid increase then a sudden crash after exceeding resources. Identify the growth pattern and give one ecological reason for the crash.

Exponential (J-curve) growth, followed by overshoot; the crash may be due to resource depletion, disease, predation, or increased competition

U3T2 (Ecosystem functioning)

100

This is the process where plants convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.

Photosynthesis

200

This species interaction benefits one organism while harming the other (without immediately killing it).

Parasitism

300

This principle states that two species competing for the exact same niche cannot coexist indefinitely.

Bonus 100 points: what book/movie did Mrs McParland compare this to

Competitive exclusion

Bonus: Hunger Games

400

After a bushfire, grasses and shrubs return first, followed by young trees, then mature forest species. What type of succession is this?

Secondary Succession

500

Explain why the bottom of the pyramid is larger than the top level.

Bonus 200 points: Name each trophic level

Energy is lost at each trophic level (10% is passed onto next level) the rest is lost as heat. This means that each level has less and less energy meaning it can support fewer organisms. 

Bonus: Bushes = Producers, Gazelles = Primary Consumers, Cheetahs = Secondary Consumers

Random Biology Facts

100

Who developed the theory of evolution by natural selection?

Charles Darwin

200

This structure increases surface area in the small intestine, maximizing nutrient absorption.

Villi (or microvilli)

300

This scientist co-discovered the structure of DNA, though her contribution was historically under-credited.

Rosalind Franklin

400

This bone is the longest and strongest in the human body.

Femur

500

This flower smells like rotting meat to attract flies for pollination.

Corpse Flower