Basics of Learning
A relatively permanent change in behaviour as a result of experience
What is learning?
A stimulus that naturally triggers a reflex without prior learning
What is an unconditioned stimulus?
Dogs learned to salivate at a bell after it was paired with food
What is Pavlov’s Dogs experiment?
Learning where behaviour is influenced by consequences
What is operant conditioning?
Increasing behaviour by adding a desirable stimulus
What is positive reinforcement?
The process of learning through pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus
What is classical conditioning?
The process of pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus
What is acquisition?
A baby was conditioned to fear a white rat using loud noises
What is the Little Albert experiment?
The three parts: antecedent, behaviour, consequence
What is the three-phase model of operant conditioning?
Increasing behaviour by removing an unpleasant stimulus
What is negative reinforcement?
A stimulus that does not trigger a response until paired with an unconditioned stimulus
What is a neutral stimulus?
Responding to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus
What is stimulus generalisation?
Cats learned behaviour based on rewards in a puzzle box
What is Thorndike’s Law of Effect?
The stimulus that occurs before a behaviour
What is an antecedent?
Decreasing behaviour by adding an unpleasant consequence
What is positive punishment?
A naturally occurring response that does not require learning
What is an unconditioned response?
Learning to distinguish between similar stimuli
What is stimulus discrimination?
Rats learned behaviour through consequences in a controlled box
What are Skinner box experiments?
An outcome that increases behaviour frequency
What is reinforcement?
Decreasing behaviour by removing something desirable
What is negative punishment?
A learned response triggered by a conditioned stimulus
What is a conditioned response?
The return of a conditioned response after extinction following a rest
What is spontaneous recovery?
Children learned aggression by observing adult models
What is the Bobo Doll experiment?
An outcome that decreases behaviour frequency
What is punishment?
Dictates how and when reinforcement occurs
What are schedules of reinforcement?