Nervous System
The two types are dopamine and serotonin.
What are the two types of neuromodulators?
An involuntary response to a threatening, fearful or otherwise stressful situation, involving physiological changes produced by the sympathetic nervous system.
What is the fight, flight, freeze response?
The three phases to this model are: antecedent, behaviour and consequence.
What are the names of the three phases in operant conditioning?
Sensory memory, short-term memory and long-term memory.
What are the three stages of the Atkinson- Shiffrin Multi-store model of memory?
All participants take part in every condition. Each participant is in both the control and experimental groups.
Define within subjects.
The two types are glutamate and GABA.
What are the two types of neurotransmitters?
A hormone that is released in times of stress to aid the body in initiating and maintaining heightened arousal (primary stress response).
What is the definition of cortisol?
The removal of an undesirable stimulus, which in turn increases the likelihood of a behaviour reoccurring.
What is negative reinforcement?
unlimited and relatively permanent.
What is the capacity and duration of long-term memory?
Involves breaking the population into groups based on the characteristic (strata) you wish to control for in the sample.
What is stratified sampling?
Increases the likelihood of of the post-synaptic neuron firing an action potential.
What is the effect of glutamate?
The second stage of the GAS involving maintaining high levels of bodily arousal in response to a persistent stressor.
What is the resistance stage of the GAS?
The learner is passive, meaning they don't have to do anything for the NS, CS or UCS to be presented.
What is the role of the learner in classical conditioning?
Encodes, consolidates and retrieval of explicit memories (semantic and episodic).
What is the role of the hippocampus?
What must a hypothesis include?
Important role in mood regulation, sleep-wake cycle and appetite, digestion and arousal.
What is the role of serotonin?
This is the initial process of evaluating the nature of an upcoming stressor, specifically the kind of stress it might cause. Can be appraised in one of three ways: benign-positive, irrelevant or stressful.
What is the definition of primary appraisal?
The learner must actively focus on the model's behaviour and the consequences of the behaviour.
What happens in the 'attention' stage of observational learning?
Crucial for motor learning and the execution of voluntary movements.
What is the role of the cerebellum?
The variable that is measured.
What is the dependent variable?
The ability of a neuron that is connected to a undamaged neuron to create an alternative synapse to create an alternative connection with an undamaged neuron.
What is the definition of "rerouting"?
The bidirectional connection between the gut and the brain through the enteric and central nervous systems.
What is the definition of the gut-brain axis?
A stimulus that produces a naturally occurring, automatic response.
What is the definition of an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?
Twisted strands of tau protein found in the centre of dead and dying neurons.
What are neurofibrillary tangles?
External validity.
What of validity considers sample size and whether the results can be generalised to the wider population?