Unit 3- Rocks & Minerals!

Rock

100

Name the 3 types of rock groups. 

Sedimentary, Igneous, Metamorphic

200

What are seismic waves? 

invisible waves that can travel through Earth to reveal things like tectonic plate mvmt (earthquakes) and a change in rock composition beneath Earth's surface....helps us study where we cannot go- INNER EARTH! :)

300

Minerals have a ______ structure. 

crystal

400

This scale helps us to identify the hardness of certain minerals. 

Mohs

500

What two types of specific crust make up Earth's entire crust? Give the fancy names we learned :) 

Oceanic Crust & Continental Crust

On

100

This term describes how light reflects off of a mineral. We can words like glassy, metallic, waxy or pearly to describe a mineral's shine. 

luster

200

This Earth layer is made up of solid, hot rock and is about 3,000 km thick. 

mantle

300

In order to calculate _____, we can divide the mass by the volume. 

density

Density describes how compact a substance is.

400

What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive Igenous rock? 

Intrusive forms beneath Earth's surface ("in")

Extrusive forms on Earth's surface ("ex" like exit- out)

500

This type of heat transfer occurs within the mantle. Heat moves from matter at high temps to matter at low temps and this process repeats itself over and over and over again :) 

Many of you have ovens that do this....hint hint 

convection

Rock

100

Minerals have definite volume and _____. 

shape

200

Larger crystals form from the cooling of magma since they cool at a ______ rate. 

slower

300

This term is used when a mineral splits in an irregular way, often leaving jagged, sharp, uneven pieces. 

fracture

400

Explain the importance of the rock cycle. 

This rock cycle is important because it is what causes one type of rock to change into another over time. Rock is never gained nor lost, but "recycled"  Ex. Igneous breaks down into pieces and leaves sediements that become layered and make Sedimentary Rock.  When under intense heat and pressure, rock changes into Metamorphic. Each type of rock depends upon the other to form.  :)

500

What is the difference between DIRECT evidence and INDIRECT evidence? 

DIRECT- evidence we can observe for ourselves, first hand

INDIRECT- evidence we collect by using other methods, indirect evidence is how we use valid information from others or other things to understand something more and make conclusions

On

100

This is the term used when a mineral splits easily and evenly- into very thin sheets. 

cleavage

200

These two things increase greatly as you get to Earth's core:

temp and pressure

300

The two categories of Metamorphic rock are: 

Foliated (has visible lines)

Nonfoliated (no visible lines)

400

This layer of Earth includes dry land and the ocean floor. 

crust

500

Explain why we cannot just look at color to identify a mineral. 

There are often WAY too many minerals that have the same color, so we must look at a variety of properties to correctly identify. 

Rock On :)

100

Streak is the color of a mineral's ______ when struck against a streak plate. 

powder

200

This type of rock forms when layers of decayed plant and animal material collect over time and become pressed/compacted more and more over time. 

Sedimentary

300

This Earth layer is composed of a solid inner section and a liquid outer layer.  It is about 3,480 km thick- Earth's thickest layer of all 3. 

core

400

______ crystals are a result of lava cooling quicker. 

Smaller

500

Minerals have a definite chemical _____ meaning that they are each made up of specific elements in a certain proportion.

composition (what something is made up of)