Unit #3--Skeletal and Muscular Systems

Bone Structure and Cells

100

This type of cell produces osteoblasts.

Osteoprogenitor Cells

200

This type of bone has about equal width and length.

Short bone

300

Name three appendicular bones.

Humerus, radius, ulna, carpal, metacarpal, phalanges

Femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsus, metatarsus

400

This type of cartilage is strong but not the strongest, flexible but not the most flexible, and found almost everywhere.

Hyaline cartilage

500

What is the covering of the bone called?

Periosteum

Bone Function and Remodeling

100

What are three functions of bones?

Structure/Support

Protection

Movement

Storage 

Blood production

200

What are the four stages of bone remodeling?

1. Activation

2. Resorption

3. Reversal

4. Formation

300

One function of the skeletal system is to store _________________.

Calcium

400

This part of the bone produces blood.

Red bone marrow

500

What happens during the quiescence step of bone remodeling?

The remodeling site becomes dormant.

Muscle Function and Structure

100

This is the name of muscle cells.

Muscle Fibers

200

Name three functions functions of the muscular system.

Produce movement

Maintain posture and body position

Protect and support soft tissue

Pump blood

Guard entrances and exits of the body

Maintain body temperature

300

This is the connective tissue covering of fascicles.

Perimysium

400

This type of muscle is spindle shape, non-striated, and located in the digestive system.

Smooth muscle

500

List the organization of the parts of the muscle from smallest to largest.

myofibril, muscle fiber, endomysium, muscle fascicle, perimysium, muscle, epimysium

Muscle Fatigue and Contractions

100

_____________ is the contractile unit of muscles.

Sarcomere

200

This type of cellular respiration does not use oxygen.

Anerobic

300

This is produced during anaerobic respiration (in muscles).

Lactic acid

400

Muscle fatigue is ____________________.

When muscles lose the ability to contract due to lactic acid build up AND low ATP.

500

This is the molecule (neurotransmitter) released to initiate a muscle contraction.

Acetylcholine

Vocab.

100

Define and translate osteocytes.

"oste0" = bone, "cyte" = cell

Cells of the bone.

200

Define and translate anerobic.

"an" = without, "aero" = air

Cellular respiration that does not require oxygen.

300

Define and translate periosteum.

"peri" = around, "oste" bone

Connective tissue covering around the bone

400

Define and translate osteoprogenitor cell.

"osteo" = bone, "pro" = before, "genitor" = generate

Cells that generate new osteoblasts

500

Define quiescence.

Dormant