Draw That Atom
Draw a neutral atom with atomic number 10. Label protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Atomic Model of Neon
Protons: 10
Neutrons: 10
Electrons: 10
Which group are the alkali metals located in?
How many valance electrons do they have?
Name one element from that group:
Group 1
1 Valance Electron
Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Caesium (Cs), and Francium (Fr)
Name the three subatomic particles, their charges and location in the atom.
Neutron: No charge, Nucleus
Proton: Positive, Nucleus
Electron: Negative, Electron Cloud
What do we call atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons? (C-14)
Isotopes
What does the atomic number tell you about an element?
# of Protons in an atom
( and # of electrons ONLY IF NEUTRAL)
Draw the following atomic model & label:
Atomic # 12
Ion +2 (Name which one)
Magnesium- Anion
Protons: 12
Neutrons: 12
Electrons: 10
What group is the alkaline earth metals located?
How many valence electrons do alkaline earth metals have?
Name one element from that group:
Group 2
2 Valance Electrons
Beryllium (Be), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), Barium (Ba), and Radium (Ra)
Which scientist discovered the nucleus, and what did this discovery show about the structure of the atom?
Rutherford discovered the Nucleus through his gold-foil experiment. This experiment showed that the atom is made of mostly empty space. This greatly improved our understanding of the atom today since all modern atomic models have a nucleus.
What is the difference between a cation and an anion?
Cation: Positive Charge (Losing electrons)
Anion: Negative Charge (Gaining electrons)
What information does atomic mass give you?
The atomic mass tells you the mass of the protons + neutrons. (And can give you more insight if you have an isotope)
Draw the following atomic model & label:
Atomic # 9
Ion -4 (Name which one)
Fluorine
Protons: 9
Neutrons: 10
Electrons: 13
What is group 17 called?
How many valance electrons?
Name one element:
Reactive or unreactive?
Halogens
7 Valance electrons
Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I), Astatine (At), and Tennessine (Ts)
Very reactive, they need one more electron to be stable.
Which subatomic particle determines the identity of an element? Explain.
Proton is the atomic number and determines the identity, If the amount of protons changes the element changes.
An atom has 16 protons and 18 electrons. What is its charge?
An element is neutral and has 13 protons. How many electrons does it have?
13 electrons since it is neutral. To find out how many electrons an atom has look for the charge (+ or -)
Draw the following atomic model & label:
C-14
Carbon
Protons: 6
Neutrons:8
Electrons: 6
What is group 18?
How many valance electrons?
Name one element:
Reactive or unreactive?
Noble Gases
8, besides He with 2
Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), Radon (Rn), and Oganesson (Og)
Unreactive since they have 8 electrons, this family is stable.
What force causes oppositely charged particles to attract inside the atom?
(Think push/pull)
Electromagnetism is the force responsible
Compare Carbon-12 and Carbon-13 using subatomic particles.
Carbon-12: Protons & Electrons: 6 & Neutrons: 6
Carbon-13: Protons & Electrons: 6
Neutrons=7, since the new atomic mass is 13
so 7 neutrons +6 protons= 13 (New atomic mass)
An element has 20 protons and 18 electrons. Is it neutral, a cation, or an anion?
It is a Cation, with a +2 charge since it has 2 more protons vs electrons.
Draw one element (atomic number ≤18) as a neutral atom, a cation, and an anion.
Answers vary
What is the name of the family that resembles a staircase?
What is the name of the family under the staircase?
What is the name of the family above the staircase? (With one friend on the other side of the PTable)
Staircase: Metalloids
Under the Staircase: Post- Transition Metals
Above the Staircase: Non-Metals (Group 17: Halogens, Group 18 Noble Gases)
Why are neutrons important even though they have no charge?
They keep the protons in the nucleus, They add mass to the atom.. So if the # of neutrons changes and the # of protons stays the same you have an isotope of that element with a new atomic mass.
Explain why atoms form ions and how this relates to valence electrons.
Atoms form ions to achieve a stable, full outer electron shell (octet rule), like noble gases, by gaining or losing their valence electrons (outermost electrons).
A group like the halogens form anions (gaining electrons) to become stable since they normally only have 7 electrons in their outer shell.
Without naming the element, describe an atom in Period 3 and Group 2.
This element has 2 valance electrons since it is in group 2 and has 3 electron shells since it is in period 3. It is reactive since it only has 2 valance electrons