Fossil Record
What do fossils mainly show about organisms?
Fossils show how species have changed over time.
What is the collection of all genes in a population called?
Gene Pool.
What is "fitness" in biology?
The ability to survive and reproduce.
What is speciation?
Formation of a new species over time.
What is genetic drift?
Random change in allele frequencies, especially in small populations.
Why can't fossils's give exact timelines?
Some time periods are missing in the records.
What introduces new alleles into population?
Mutation
Who is the least likely to survive according to Darwin?
Species least adapted to there environment.
When two population can't mate because they reproduce at different times. What is this called?
Temporal isolation.
What happens in the bottleneck affect?
A population's size drops suddenly, reducing genetic diversity.
What is a vestigial structure.
A structure that has its original function (like whale leg bones)
What is the movement of allele between populations called?
Gene Flow.
What phrase is used to describe natural?
Survival of the fittest.
What type of evolution occurs when species diverge after being geographically separated?
Divergent evolution/ allopatric speciation.
What is the founder affect?
When a new population starts from a few individuals, limiting diversity.
Which type of structures share common ancestry
-Homologous or Analogous?
Homologous structures.
What process changes allele frequencies by random chance.
Genetic Drift.
Does evolution happen to individuals or population?
Populations.
What stops gene flow and leads to new species forming?
Reproductive isolation.
Name two causes of genetic variation in sexually reproducing species?
Mutation and crossing over during meiosis.
What can fossils tell us about ancient environments?
They show past environmental conditions but not future ones.
What are the 4 main mechanisms of evolution.
Natural selection, mutation, gene flow, genetic drift.
How do antibiotic-resistant bacteria evolve?
Mutations that make them resistant are passed to offspring
What must members of the same species be able to do?
Produce fertile offspring.
Why is genetic diversity important?
it increases a population's ability to adapt to environmental change.