Bonding Basics
What rule says atoms are most stable when they have eight valence electrons?
The octet rule
True or False: Polar molecules have an uneven distribution of charge.
True
What two elements make up all hydrocarbons?
Carbon and hydrogen
Which functional group contains an –OH group?
Alcohol
What biomolecule is the main energy source for living things?
Carbohydrates
What type of bond forms when atoms share electrons?
Covalent bond
Which side of a water molecule is slightly negative?
The oxygen side
A hydrocarbon with only single bonds ends in what suffix?
-ane
The ending “-al” tells you a molecule is a(n) _____.
Aldehyde
Proteins are made of smaller units called _____.
Amino acids
he attraction between metal atoms and a “sea” of shared electrons is a ______ bond.
Metallic bond
Name one real-world example of a polar and a nonpolar substance.
Polar – water; Nonpolar – oil (any correct pair)
A hydrocarbon with a triple bond is called a(n) _____.
Alkyne
Based on the ending, the molecule acetone is a ...
Ketone
Lipids provide what main function in the body?
Long-term energy storage
Why do atoms bond with each other instead of staying separate?
To increase stability / lower potential energy
Nonpolar substances dissolve best in what type of solvent?
Nonpolar
Molecules that have the same formula but different structures are called _____.
Isomers
Which two functional groups both contain a carbonyl (C=O) group?
Aldehydes and ketones
DNA and RNA belong to what class of biomolecules?
Nucleic acids
Metals and nonmetals usually form what kind of bond?
Ionic bond
What property of water allows insects to walk on its surface
Surface tension caused by polarity and hydrogen bonding
What kind of hydrocarbon contains a benzene ring?
Aromatic hydrocarbon
What is a functional group?
An atom or group of atoms that replaces hydrogen and changes a molecule’s properties
Match each biomolecule with its building block (Carbs, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids)
Carbs – monosaccharides, Proteins – amino acids, Lipids – fatty acids, Nucleic acids – nucleotides