Psychological Disorders
Used for by medical professionals, academia, and insurance companies to classify and diagnose psychological disorders.
DSM-5
What is short-term memory?
Memory that is limited in capacity. Everything you experience starts in short term memory.
Anywhere from 15 seconds to a minute. Varies from person to person.
What is a symbol?
Could be an image, a character ($), a word, etc.
What is a norm?
Behavior that most humans exhibit.
A generalized feeling of danger.
Anxiety
What is long-term memory?
Any thoughts that you can retain beyond short term memory. Almost every memory you have is stored in long-term memory.
A category of symbols that represent and classify a certain idea is called a ______.
i.e. there are many different types of trees but the category of tree fits them all.
Concept
Intense and persistent fear of any/all social situations is called _____.
Social Anxiety Disorder
Lower mood and feelings like worthlessness/helplessness and sadness.
Depression
What are the 3 processes of memory
Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval
Explain the difference between conscious and unconscious thought.
Conscious thought - internal stimuli. (i.e. thinking about what you will do this weekend)
Unconscious thought - triggered by external stimuli.
i.e. you hear a loud bang sound, you think "that's really loud, what happened?"
Disorder where individuals alternate between feelings of Euphoria and depression.
Bipolar Disorder
Give 3 examples of Anxiety Disorders
Social Anxiety Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Phobias, Panic Disorders, PTSD, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Explain "encoding" memory in as much detail as possible. Provide examples for different methods to encode information.
Transforming information so that it can be processed and stored in your memory.
The more effort put into encoding information the more likely you are able to actively retrieve it.
- writing things down, flash-cards, reciting information, word-association
What are the two types of reasoning?
Deductive and Inductive
Deductive - top down (general rules to specific details)
Inductive - bottom up (using specific details to create a general rule)
What are the risks of using recreational drugs like alcohol and marijuana for individuals with psych disorders?
They can often exacerbate or heighten the symptoms because they are not designed for treatment of many disorders.
Explain in detail why diagnosing psychological disorders is so challenging.
- They are based on norms and deviant behavior
- What is normal in one culture might be abnormal in another. What is considered deviant now might not be later.
- Doctors/psychiatrists must rely on reported symptoms in many cases
- Misdiagnosis could lead to further problems down the road, especially when involving medication.
What is the primacy-recency effect with short-term and long-term memory?
If you see a list of items you are more likely to remember the first thing you say (primacy) and the last thing you saw (recency) than items in the middle.
This can be applied to stories like books or movies or just recalling the events of your day.
What is metacognition? How can you use it to help you with a problem or decision you have been struggling with.
Observe and analyze our own thinking.
-Re-evaluate existing beliefs
- analyzing decision making over an outcome you did not like
- develop long-term strategies to help you solve a problem or accomplish a goal
Why is conscious thought believed to be explicitly tied to language?
The basic building blocks of thinking are images and symbols. Language is a system that puts those things together.