Reconstruction
What year did Reconstruction begin in Indian Territory?
1866
What was a leased district, and how was it used?
Tribal land leased to other groups, including for grazing livestock.
What group tried to persuade the Five Tribes to accept the allotment system?
Dawes Commission
Which act authorized allotment without tribal approval?
Curtis Act
Who was the leader of the Boomers?
David L. Payne
How did Reconstruction treaties help railroads expand across Indian Territory?
They allowed railroads to cross tribal lands.
How did treaties encourage railroad growth in Indian Territory?
Treaties allowed railroads to cross tribal lands.
What were land allotments?
Individual parcels of tribal land assigned to Native American families.
Which act was a major step toward ending tribal governments in Indian Territory?
Curtis Act of 1898
What did the Boomers want to do with Oklahoma land?
Open Oklahoma land for homesteads.
What were the Five Tribes also called in many Oklahoma History lessons?
The Five Civilized Tribes
Name one goal government commissioners had at Medicine Creek.
Prevent attacks on white emigrants and settlers.
Stop Indian wars.
Persuade Native Americans to become Farmers.
What did the Dawes Allotment Act of 1887 promote?
Dividing communal tribal lands into individual allotments.
Which two tribes were involved in the Atoka Agreement?
Chickasaw and Choctaw
What is a homestead?
Land settled and used as a home, often for farming.
How did Reconstruction treaties change the relationship between tribes and the federal government?
They changed tribal land rights and relations with the federal government.
What were commissioners instructed to do to help stop Indian wars at Medicine Creek?
Stop Indian wars by removing their causes.
Why did many tribes oppose individual ownership of land?
It weakened communal landholding and tribal control over land.
True or False: The Atoka Agreement preserved tribal judicial systems.
False
Why were some white settlers upset about living on tribal lands?
They wanted access to land that remained under tribal control.
Why did Reconstruction bring major changes to Native American tribes in Indian Territory?
They changed land ownership, tribal sovereignty, and federal control.
What lifestyle did commissioners encourage Native Americans to adopt at Medicine Creek?
Farming and raising livestock as stockmen.
What did the Dawes Commission do?
It worked to persuade the 5 civilized tribes to take allotments.
Why was the Curtis Act important in Oklahoma history?
It expanded federal control over tribal affairs and advanced allotment.
What is the difference between a land allotment and a homestead?
An allotment was tribal land assigned to a Native American individual or family; a homestead was land claimed for settlement.