Matter
The basic unit of matter is the __________
atom
a substance that is composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined is called a _______________
compound
What is the process of converting solid to liquid?
Melting
True or False: minerals are usually gas or liquid
False
How do you calculate mass number?
Protons + Neutrons
How is an ion formed?
When the atom gains or loses electrons
Name an example of a compound
***DAILY DOUBLE***
H2O, CO2, CO, NO3
In what phase of matter are the particles closest together?
Solid
Minerals are _________ because they do not contain a carbon atom
***DAILY DOUBLE***
inorganic
If something has a pH of 10 it is considered a/an
A - Base
B - Acid
C - Neutral
A - Base
Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons are called ____________
isotopes
What is the difference between a heterogeneous and homogeneous mixture?
Heterogeneous - can see the distinct components
Homogeneous - cannot distinguish between components
What state is a gas that is composed of positive ions and free electrons?
Plasma
What is luster?
The way that a mineral reflects light from its surface
What is an example of an acid?
milk
lemon juice
hydrochloric acid
How many electrons does energy level 4 hold??
32
What type of ion do acids produce in solution?
Hydrogen ions/ H+
What is the law of conservation of energy?
energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another
Which test would be the most reliable to identify a mineral?
A- Color
B - Hardness
C - Texture
D - Luster
B - Hardness
What is the formula for density?
Density = mass/volume
What happens when an atom's nuclei is unstable?
it undergoes radioactive decay
emits radiation
What is the difference between a covalent bond and an ionic bond?
An attraction of two atoms for a shared pair of electrons that holds the atoms together is covalent
Ionic is the attractive force between two ions of opposite charge
This slow change of state from a solid (ice crystals) to a gas (water vapor) without an intermediate liquid state is called _________________
sublimation
Why is salt a mineral and sugar not a mineral??
Salt - NaCl (not carbon-containing/inorganic)
Sugar - comes from plants (contain carbon/organic)
Name a product that uses minerals?
Computers, cars, televisions, desks, roads, buildings, jewelry, beds, paints, sports equipment, and medicines