Coulomb's Law
Basic Periodic Trends
Compare
Ionization
Identify the Unknown
100
What is Coulomb's law? (equation)
F = (q1q2)/d2
100
What direction does ionization energy increase on the periodic table?
bottom to top, left to right
100
Which element is more electronegative - fluorine or sulfur? AND WHY
fluorine, greatest Zeff, smallest # of occupied E levels
100
Define ionization energy
the amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron
100
Identify this element: (FULL NAME)
Sulfur
200
What type of proportionality do force and magnitude of charge have?
Directly proportional
200
Describe the trend for atomic radius on the PT and why
Increases from top to bottom, right to left. Zeff decreases R-->L and #E levels increases down the group
200
Which has a greater atomic radius, and why?
Carbon or boron
Boron, same #E levels but lower Zeff, weaker force on valence shell
200
Why does ionization energy increase within the same energy level?
As e- are removed, there is less repulsion within the valence shell, and a great impact by the Zeff, more E required to remove each subsequent energy level
200
Aluminum
300
When distance (#E levels) increases, force _______________.
decreases
300
Define electronegativity
The tendency for an atom to attract the valence electrons of another atom
300
Which element has a greater Zeff? Sulfur or selenium
Trick question! They are in the same group, so they share the same Zeff, but selenium is larger and exerts a weaker force on its Ve-
300
Describe the "big jump" we look for on a PES graph, and WHY it happens
Big jump indicates the complete removal of valence electrons and the start of removing electrons from an energy level closer to the nucleus. Closer = greater force exerted by nucleus = more E required to remove the e-
300
This element can be found in the 4th period and has 4 Ve-. Identify
Germanium
400
If the charge of your Zeff/q2 increased, force ____________
increases as well
400
How are electronegativity and coulomb's law related?
higher Zeff and lower #E levels increase the force exerted on the electrons of another atom
400
Which element has a greater ionic radius AND WHY? Mg+2 or Na+
Na+, both are isoelectronic with neon, but Na+ has a lower Zeff
400
After which ionization energy would we expect to see the biggest jump if we were removing electrons from argon?
8th-->9th because there are 8Ve- and the 9th would be coming from the 2nd E level
400
This element has a Zeff that is higher by +2 compared to K (assume they are in the same period)
Gallium
500
If charge doubled and distance doubled, by what factor would force be changed?
Force would be halved
500
A photoelectron spectrum is a visual representation of what two pieces of information?
Energy levels/sublevels and the number of electrons that occupy that energy level
500
What two characteristics make Fluorine our guiding light?
Highest Zeff, smallest number of occupied E levels
500
Which peak on a PES graph would represent the shell closest to the nucleus?
The peak with the greatest ionization energy
500
I am a transition metal found in the 4d sublevel. I have 8 electrons in this sublevel. Who am I?
Pd (palladium)