Atomic Nature
How would two charged subatomic particles that have the same charge interact? (such as two positive protons) ...
repel
What are the 4 orbital sublevels?
s, p, d, f
Electrons in the outermost orbital are called
valence electrons
Elements in group 1 are more likely to - gain - lose or share their single valence electron?
lose
Atomic spectral lines are _______ for each element.
unique
How would two charged subatomic particles- that have DIFFERENT charges interact? (such as a proton and an electron?)
attract
How many electrons can fit into a single orbital?
2
electrons that are found between the nucleus and the valence electrons are called
inner electrons
ionization energy
higher orbitals to lower orbitals
Inner orbital electrons and valence electrons repel each other and this is called...
Shielding
How many sublevels are present in a p orbital?
How many electrons complete a valence shell for periods 2-3?
8 (octet)
Give the name of an element in period 2 that would have a higher ionization energy than Nitrogen.
Oxygen or Fluorine or Neon
What is the short and longhand orbital notation for oxygen?
Long - 1s2 2s2 2p4
Short- [He] 2s2 2p4
The greater the number of valence electrons -the greater the strength of attraction to....
the nucleus- (protons)
How is it possible for 2 negatively charged electrons to share an orbital?
They spin (move) in opposite directions cancelling out the force of repulsion.
Metals are good conductors of electricity. This property is due to valence electrons being....
easily given up (or lost)
Why does Oxygen have higher ionization energy than Lithium?
Because oxygen is closer to achieving an octet or noble gas configuration. It only needs 2 more electrons and so it has increased ionization energy because it is more difficult for oxygen to give up an electron than to gain 2 more. Oxygen has high affinity or electronegativity for electrons.
Elements with more orbitals have a (larger or smaller) atomic radius?
larger
In a group 1 or 2 element- which elements would have a decreased attraction to their valence electrons?
Those in period 4 or those in period 7?
7
As the number of orbitals increases, the valence electrons are further away from the nucleus. This increased distance means that the electrons are not as attracted to the protons in the nucleus and results in them more easily giving up their electrons for reactions.
Why is the cloud model of electrons more accurate than the bohr model of electrons (the planetary model).
The number of valence electrons found in groups 1-2, and 13-18 are the same for the entire group. List how many valence electrons are found in each of them.
1- 1
2-2
13- 3
14- 4
15-5
16-6
17-7
18-8
Nobel gases are extremely unreactive. Describe why they have this property.
They have a complete set of valence electrons and so they are not interested in losing or gaining electrons - which makes them completely unreactive.
What is the principle that governs which orbitals are filled before others?
aufbau principle- lowest energy levels fill first