People
This man discovered the St. Lawrence River.
Jacques Cartier.
What is a chain of islands called?
Archipelago
What is the treaty between Spain and Portugal which set an imaginary line from the North to the South Poles?
Treaty of Tordessilles
Who established the fur trade in North America?
France
What city was taken over in 1415, which led to European involvement in the slave trade?
Ceuta
Who was the first person to sail around the southern tip of Africa?
Bartolomeu Dias.
What is a navigational tool used to determine the position of the sun, stars, or other objects in the sky called?
astrolabe
What is a crop that is sold profit?
Cash crop
Which country defeated the Spanish armada in 1588?
England
Where did the Dutch establish their trade center in the late 1500s?
Java
Who influenced Christopher Columbus?
Marco Polo
What is a navigational instrument that uses a telescope and scale to determine latitude and longitude called?
sextant
A sea route connecting the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean along the northern coast of North America.
Northwest Passage
Which country created the encomienda system?
Spain
Where did the Dutch build the city of New Amsterdam?
Manhattan
Who ended up ruling both Portugal and Spain after the death of Portugal's King Henry in 1580?
King Philip II
Which group of people controlled the Spice trade from 1100-1400?
Arab traders.
Why was farming difficult in New France?
Long, hard winters
Which European countries were the first to become involved in the slave trade?
Spain and Portugal
What year was Roanoke founded?
1585
What caused France's renewed interest in colonizing in colonizing North America?
Growth of trade with the indigenous people
List four ways European navigation was advanced.
Caravels, strong square sails, sturdy hulls for rough seas, and the sturdiness of northern ships.
What year was Jamestown founded in?
1607
Which country took over both Portugal's slave trade and its spice trade when Portugal collapsed?
Netherlands (Dutch)
What year were the first Africans sold in Portugal?
1441