What is the Earth Made of?
What are the four parts of the Earth system?
The biosphere, the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, and the geosphere
What do we call the solid natural materials that make up rocks?
Minerals
What forms when magma travels through a crack in the Earth’s crust to the surface?
A volcano
Landform modeling happens and changes the Earth’s relief through what three processes?
Weathering, transportation, and deposition
What does the biosphere include?
All the living beings that live on the Earth
What are the four mineral properties in the textbook?
Colour, lustre, hardness, and crystal shape
What are two examples of things released by volcanoes?
Possible Answers: Lava, gases, molten rocks
What are two examples of geological agents that cause the weathering process?
Possible Answers: Temperature changes, water, ice, the air, and living beings
What are three examples of parts of the hydrosphere?
Possible Answers: Oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, clouds, glaciers, etc.
What temperature are rocks solid at?
Air temperature
What are formed when magma slowly solidifies inside the Earth’s crust?
Plutons / Plutonic Rocks
What do we call the transported materials in the deposition process?
Sediment
What are the layers of the geosphere called?
The crust, the mantle, and the core
What three characteristics can we categorize rocks by?
Composition, texture, and origin
What are formed when lava cools and solidifies quickly?
Volcanic rocks
Over time, layers of deposited sediments transform into what?
Sedimentary rocks
Which layer of the geosphere is made up of solid rocks?
The crust
From what do igneous rocks form?
Molten rocks inside the Earth
When huge masses of rocks in the mantle break suddenly, it causes what?
Earthquakes
What do we call the petrified remains of a living being buried in a layer of sediment?
Fossils