formal VS informal language
People were surprised that Smith was LEFT OUT from the team.
leave out - to not include or mention either deliberately or because you have forgotten it
People were surprised that Smith was OMITTED from the team.
film –
flat –
lift –
petrol –
tap -
toilet –
film – movie
flat – apartment
lift – elevator
petrol – gas
tap – faucet
toilet – restroom
Although she was tall, she was slim and __ and didn`t weigh much.
( extremely thin )
Although she was tall, she was slim and THIN - BONED and didn`t weigh much.
You __ bring suncream to the beach - you can borrow mine.
(it`s not necessary to do)
You NEEDN'T / DON'T NEED TO / DON'T HAVE TO bring suncream to the beach - you can borrow mine.
Because she had lost her passport, she could not board the plane.
____________________________, she could not board the plane.
Having lost her passsport, she couldn't board the plane.
I hated the organization and all it STOOD FOR (= the ideas that it supported).
STAND FOR - to support something
I hated the organization and all it REPRESENTED.
holiday
transport
underground
anyway
autumn
football
garden
vacation (holiday);
transportation (transport);
subway (underground);
anyhow (anyway);
fall (autumn);
soccer (football);
yard (garden)
Try this __ jam. It`s much better than the ones you buy in shops.
( made at home, rather than produced in a factory and bought in a shop )
Try this HOME - MADE jam. It`s much better than the ones you buy in shops.
1. She __ be wearing a coat. It`s freezing outside.
(we are giving advice)
2. You (can / might / must) __________________________________ (give) me a lift! Didn’t you see me on the side of the road?
1. She SHOULD be wearing a coat. It`s freezing outside.
2. You MIGHT HAVE GIVEN me a lift! Didn’t you see me on the side of the road?
The surface maintains its original appearance over time if you clean it with hot water and soap.
__________________, the surface maintains its original appearance over time
Cleaned with hot water and soap, the surface maintains its original appearance over time.
Completed projects must be HANDED IN by the end of next week.
HAND IN - to give a document, proposal, etc. to somebody in authority so that they can study or consider it
Completed projects must be SUBMITTED by the end of next week.
head teacher -
biscuit –
candy –
cell phone –
check –
motorway –
queue –
sidewalk –
head teacher - principal
biscuit – cookie
candy – sweets
cell phone – mobile
check – bill
motorway – highway
queue – line
sidewalk – pavement
Suddenly we heard the __ roar of a loin calling out to its mate.
(making this deep sound)
Suddenly we heard the DEEP - THROATED roar of a lion calling out to its mate.
1. All students at my school __ wear a uniform - it`s one of the rules.
(for rules, personal obligations)
2. I think we __ take our shoes off before we go into the temple. No one else is wearing theirs.
(for obligations we expect)
1. All students at my school MUST wear a uniform - it`s one of the rules.
2. I think we ARE SUPPOSED TO take our shoes off before we go into the temple. No one else is wearing theirs.
After he had won every judo title, Mark retired from international competition.
_________________, Mark retired from international competition.
Having won every judo title, Mark retired from international competition.
We've had to PUT OFF our wedding until September.
put off - to change something to a later time or date
We've had to POSTPONE our wedding until September.
sneakers –
torch –
bathing suit –
pants –
sneakers –
sweater –
undershirt –
vest –
eraser –
hot lunch –
sneakers – trainers
torch – flashlight
bathing suit – swimming costume;
pants – trousers;
sneakers – trainers;
sweater – jumper;
undershirt – vest;
vest – waistcoat
eraser – rubber;
hot lunch – school dinner;
The stranger had __ eyes that were close together, giving him a menacing (= threatening ) look.
(eyes appearing to be positioned low in the face )
The stranger had LOW - SET eyes that were close together, giving him a menacing (= threatening ) look.
1. Harry has already left. I think he (might / must / should) ________ (catch) the nine o’clock train, but I’m not sure.
2. Sylvia (can / should / may) ________________ (tell) us that she was going away. It was really bad of her to let us down in this way.
1. Harry has already left. I think he MIGHT HAVE CAUGHT the nine o’clock train, but I’m not sure.
2. Sylvia SHOULD HAVE TOLD us that she was going away. It was really bad of her to let us down in this way.
Because he didn’t have a girlfriend, he flirted with every woman he met.
NOT
_____________________________, he flirted with every woman he met.
Not having a girlfriend, he flirted with every woman he met.
We don't LOOK FORWARD TO any major problems.
LOOK FORWARD TO - you expect to enjoy something that is going to happen
We don't ANTICIPATE any major problems.
math –
recess –
teachers’ lounge –
cupcake –
dessert –
eggplant –
jelly –
takeout -
dummy -
handbag -
math – maths;
recess – break time;
teachers’ lounge – staff room
cupcake – fairy cake;
dessert – pudding;
eggplant – aubergine;
jelly – jam;
takeout – takeaway
dummy - pacifier
handbag - purse
1. After six months of travelling, the men were all __ and bearded.
2. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION: In relation to carnival, people of all ages get involved. (concerned)
As ... , people of all ages get involved.
1. After six months of travelling, the men were all LONGHAIRED and bearded.
2. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION:
As FAR AS CARNIVAL IS CONCERNED , people of all ages get involved.
1. Sue (ought to / have to / need to) ____________ (send) her aunt a card. It was rude of her to forget.
2. Graham (must / can / may) ___________________ (win) the match he played this afternoon. If he hadn’t won, he wouldn’t be looking so pleased with himself.
Sue OUGHT TO HAVE SENT her aunt a card. It was rude of her to forget.
Graham MUST HAVE WON the match he played this afternoon. If he hadn’t won, he wouldn’t be looking so pleased with himself.
After I dropped him at the station, I drove straight to the supermarket.
________________________ ,I drove straight to the supermarket.
Having dropped him at the station, I drove straight to the supermarket.