3.1 Introduction to Culture
An attitude that views and evaluates another culture based on that culture's own standards and values rather than one's own.
cultural relativism
Systems of values, traditions, and worldviews held by a group that influence how they interact with and organize their environment.
cultural beliefs
The visible human imprint on the physical environment, including buildings, land use patterns, and cultural features that reflect the values and practices of a society.
cultural landscape
A type of diffusion in which cultural traits, ideas, or phenomena spread outward from a source region while remaining in the origin area.
expansion diffusion
The process of increasing interconnection and integration of people, economies, and cultures across the world through trade, technology, and communication.
globalization
Specific characteristics, practices, or elements of culture that can be transmitted between individuals and groups.
cultural trait
The characteristics, values, and practices that define a group's sense of belonging and distinctiveness within society.
cultural identities
Geographic distributions and variations of languages across regions that contribute to cultural identity and place.
language patterns
A type of diffusion in which people, ideas, or cultural traits move from one location to another, spreading to new areas through migration or movement.
relocation diffusion
The process by which populations become increasingly concentrated in cities and urban areas, involving the growth and expansion of urban settlements.
urbanization
The shared practices, technologies, attitudes, and behaviors transmitted by a society.
culture
The visible human imprint on the physical environment, including buildings, land use patterns, and cultural features that reflect the values and practices of a society.
cultural landscape
Geographic variations in gender roles, identities, and social structures across different cultural regions.
gender patterns
The practice of establishing political and economic control over distant territories and their populations, typically involving settlement and resource extraction.
colonialism
The process by which individuals or groups adopt the cultural traits of a dominant culture, often resulting in the loss of their original cultural identity.
assimilation
Methods, techniques, and systems used in farming and food production, including land use, crop selection, and production methods.
agricultural practice
Geographic areas where people of the same ethnic background predominantly live, often characterized by shared cultural institutions and practices.
ethnic neighborhoods
Geographic distributions and variations of ethnic groups across regions that contribute to cultural identity and placemaking.
ethnicity patterns
The exchange of goods and services between individuals, groups, or nations, which can facilitate cultural contact and exchange.
trade
A type of diffusion in which cultural traits, ideas, or phenomena spread outward from a source region while remaining in the origin area.
expansion diffusion
An attitude that judges other cultures based on the standards and values of one's own culture, often viewing one's own culture as superior.
ethnocentrism
Spiritual beliefs and practices expressed through landscape features such as sacred sites, places of worship, and ritual spaces.
religious characteristics
The emotional and cultural attachment people develop to specific geographic locations based on shared characteristics and experiences.
sense of place
A common language adopted by speakers of different native languages to communicate with one another.
lingua franca
A condition in which multiple distinct cultures coexist within the same society, each maintaining their own cultural identity.
multiculturalism