Push & Pull Factors
This term describes a negative condition or problem in your home location that forces or motivates you to pack up and leave.
What is a push factor?
This term refers to formerly enslaved African Americans who migrated West to establish farms and all-Black communities in Kansas and Oklahoma.
Who are the Exodusters?
Specific areas of land set aside by the U.S. federal government for Native American use were known as these.
What are reservations?
This general term refers to forcing a minority group to adopt the culture, language, and civilization of the dominant white culture.
What is assimilation?
The system of unfenced, open grazing of cattle without clear property boundaries was known by this term.
What is the Open-Range System?
This 1862 federal law granted 160 acres of free public land out West to any citizen willing to farm and improve it for five years.
What is the Homestead Act?
Women living out West gained expanded political rights much earlier than women in the East, with this Western territory being the first to grant women’s suffrage in 1869.
What is Wyoming Territory?
European-Americans viewed land as a source of wealth and individual property, while Native American tribes viewed land in this way.
What is shared/communal land deeply connected to identity, history, and spiritual life?
Passed in 1887, this federal law attempted to force assimilation by dividing tribal reservation land into 160-acre private farm plots for individual Native families.
What is the Dawes Act?
The widespread agricultural invention of this simple fencing product directly led to the demise and end of the open-range cattle system.
What is barbed wire?
This group was the primary immigrant group employed by the Union Pacific Railroad to lay track across the Great Plains.
Who were Irish immigrants?
Which sentence represents the strongest claim regarding how westward expansion impacted women?
A) I think women had a hard time living out West because they had to farm, build churches, and raise children all by themselves.
B) While women on the Plains endured severe isolation and heavy domestic labor, their essential role in building communities earned them earlier political rights, such as suffrage in Wyoming.
C) Wyoming Territory was the first territory in the United States to pass a law allowing women the right to vote in 1869.
B) While women on the Plains endured severe isolation and heavy domestic labor, their essential role in building communities earned them earlier political rights, such as suffrage in Wyoming.
In 1864, a Colorado militia opened fire on a peaceful camp of Cheyenne and Arapaho, killing between 150 and 200 Native Americans in this tragic event.
What is the Sand Creek Massacre?
Founded by Richard Henry Pratt in 1879, this institution was the first government-run boarding school established for the forced cultural assimilation of Native children.
What is the Carlisle Indian Industrial School?
Formed in 1892 to fight political corruption and elite power, this third political party was also known as the "People's Party."
What is the Populist Party?
This 19th-century belief held that it was America’s God-given duty to expand its territory across the North American continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
What is Manifest Destiny?
Which sentence represents the strongest claim regarding Mexican American experiences during westward expansion?
A) Mexican Americans lost 80% of their land after the war, causing Las Gorras Blancas to cut wire fences in New Mexico.
B) In my opinion, Las Gorras Blancas were wrong for burning railroad ties and cutting down barbed-wire fences because destroying property is illegal.
C) Although westward expansion stripped Southwestern Mexican Americans of most ancestral land, groups like Las Gorras Blancas actively resisted white encroachment through targeted property destruction.
C) Although westward expansion stripped Southwestern Mexican Americans of most ancestral land, groups like Las Gorras Blancas actively resisted white encroachment through targeted property destruction.
This 1876 battle, sparked by gold seekers invading protected Sioux territory in the Black Hills, resulted in the death of Colonel George Custer and all his men.
What is the Battle of Little Bighorn?
Name TWO methods used by Indian Boarding Schools to strip Native American children of their traditional culture.
What are banning native clothing/cutting hair, banning native languages, forcing English-only instruction, and teaching Christian doctrine/strict routines?
This Nebraska congressman gave the famous "Cross of Gold" speech at the Democratic National Convention, demanding the free coinage of silver to aid farmers and laborers.
Who is William Jennings Bryan?
Name TWO specific push factors that caused Black families to flee the South after the Civil War during Reconstruction.
What are racial violence (KKK), Jim Crow laws, and sharecropping/debt?
Which sentence represents the strongest claim regarding the experience of Chinese immigrant laborers?
A) The Central Pacific Railroad employed Chinese immigrants who made up 90% of the workforce and carved tunnels through mountains.
B) Chinese immigrants had the worst job in American history because blasting through granite mountains in winter sounds horrible.
C) Although Chinese immigrant laborers performed the most dangerous physical work on the Transcontinental Railroad, they endured severe economic discrimination through lower pay and hostility.
C) Although Chinese immigrant laborers performed the most dangerous physical work on the Transcontinental Railroad, they endured severe economic discrimination through lower pay and hostility.
Occurring on the Pine Ridge Reservation in 1890, this massacre of over 250 Lakota Sioux during a Ghost Dance ceremony marked the end of Native armed resistance on the Plains.
What is the Wounded Knee Massacre?
Under the Dawes Act, what happened to the "extra" or remaining tribal reservation land after plots were handed out to individual Native families?
What is it was sold off to white settlers?
This Republican candidate won the presidential election of 1896 by raising 30 times more money than his opponent and appealing to urban workers.
Who is William McKinley?