cell communication
Signal Transduction Pathway
what is the process by which a signal on a cell's surface is converted to a specific cellular response?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
What are the 4 stages of mitosis?
Long Distance Signaling
Endocrine Signaling
In what form is DNA loose non-condensed and condense and organized?
non-condensed=chromatin; condensed=chromosome
Mitosis produces what kinds of daughter cells
2 genetically identical cells with 46 chromosomes
Paracrine Signaling
what is a secreting cell that acts on nearby target cells by discharging molecules of a local regulator into the extracellular fluid?
Cytokinesis
what is the division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells immediately after mitosis, meiosis I, or meiosis II?
Local Signaling
Type of cell signal; mainly in animal cells; communicate using secreted messenger molecules that travel short distances
2 gametes combine to form a _____
zygote
Which checkpoint in the cell cycle is considered the restriction point?
G1 checkpoint
Synaptic Signaling
Occurs in animal nervous system, nerve releases neurotransmitter molecules into synapse, stimulating target cell?
Cell Division
what is the process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells?
Direct Signaling
Type of cell signal; involves physical contact b/t cells or organisms; uses cell junctions b/t animal and plant cells to connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells
What occurs during anaphase
sister chromatids separate
When do chromosomes first become visible in mitosis?
prophase
Hormone (Endocrine) Signaling
what is long distance signaling. Signals sent into blood stream, message may reach all body cells?
Chromosomes
what is a cellular structure carrying genetic material, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated protein?
What are the 3 types of cell signals that occur between cells and/or organisms?
Direct Signaling, Local Signaling, & Long Distance Signaling
What happens when a cell undergoes mitosis but not cytokinesis?
the cell has 2 nuclei
What is the period in the cell cycle between divisions?
interphase
Protein Kinase
Enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to a protein, often activating that protein.
Chromatin
DNA and protein that makes up chromosomes
What are 3 important concepts to remember prior to the start of the chapter?
Chemical molecules have distinct shapes and densities based upon the number of each subatomic unit
Cell membranes interact with the surrounding environment
The ECM is involved in cell communication
What occurs during the S phase?
DNA synthesis
When does the nuclear envelope disappear in mitosis?
prophase