Grief
Grief that is experienced before the expected loss of someone or something
Anticipatory grief
This occurs hours or days before death, with the upper and lower extremities becoming cool to the touch.
Skin Mottling
a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or both.
Insomnia
Any event, experience, or environmental stimulus that causes stress in an individual
A stressor
The lightest stage of sleep.
Stage 1
Name 5 common grief reactions
Shock, Anger, Anxiety, Numbness, Denial, Guilt, Sadness, Relief (if death is expected), Depression
When a person is dying, which of the senses remains intact the longest, even in a deep comatose state?
Hearing
A sleep disorder of excessive daytime fatigue without improvement after more sleep.
Hypersomnia
Type of care provided when treatment will no longer cure or control the illness
Hospice care
This sleep stage includes NREM
Stage 3
Which age group has a complete understanding of death. These individuals may feel “no one understands me” when dealing with grief.
Adolescents (12-18). They have difficulty revealing their feelings, inability to express these feelings may lead to high-risk behaviors to escape emotions/reality while seeking comfort
An irregular respiratory rate at end of life, fluctuating between several quick breaths and periods of apnea.
Cheyne-Stokes respirations
A sleep condition in which there is an absence of inspiratory airflow for a minimum of 10 seconds.
Apnea
This knowledge helps nurses understand culture from an outsider’s viewpoint
Etic knowledge
The number of times a person has this sleep stage in a sleep cycle increases with aging.
Stage 2
In the Dual Process Model of Grief, explain the restoration process.
The restoration grief process involves coping with other losses that come with the death of a loved one (secondary losses) and rebuilding one's life without the loved one. The restoration process is a time of thinking about the future, filled with new tasks and obligations.
Name 4 interventions to help relieve dyspnea for a patient who is dying.
Opioids (morphine), benzodiazepines to help relieve anxiety, oxygen, positioning, using a fan to facilitate the movement of air, reducing exertion, and relaxation techniques
Explain Narcolepsy
A chronic sleep condition characterized by sudden sleepiness and periods of sleep where the person will have difficulty staying awake.
Positive stress, associated with accomplishment or achievement and generally produces feelings of well-being, inspiration, and motivation
Eustress
Includes REM, the dreaming stage
Stage 4
Name the five stages of the Kubler-Ross Grief Model
Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance
Name 2 interventions the nurse should implement to support the family and/or caregivers
- Assisting with medication administration and activities of daily living
- Educating the family about what to expect as the patient’s condition deteriorates and how they can meet the changing needs of their loved one
- Explaining to the family and caregivers that it is not unusual to have feelings of doubt and fear
- Providing emotional support.
Explain the difference between OSA and CSA.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is related to the recurrent episodes of upper airway collapse and obstruction while sleeping combined with waking from sleep.
Central sleep apnea (CSA) is associated with a reduction in the brain’s transmission of signals to the respiratory muscles, resulting in the cessation of breathing. A common cause of CSA is opioid overdose
Care that provides primary caregivers with a short-term break from the responsibilities of caring for their loved one
Respite Care
During this stage, immune system strengthens, and the muscles, tissues, and bones repair and regenerate.
Stage 3