Attribution and Prejudice
The theory that we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation (a situational attribution) or the person’s stable, enduring traits (a dispositional attribution).
What is attribution theory?
Discomfort caused by conflicting attitudes and behaviors.
What is cognitive dissonance?
Adjusting behavior to match a group standard.
What is conformity?
Improved performance on easy tasks in the presence of others.
What is social faciliation?
Freud’s personality component that seeks immediate pleasure.
What is the id?
Overestimating personality and underestimating situational factors when judging others.
What is fundamental attribution error?
Persuasion using logic, facts, and careful thinking.
What is central route persuasion?
The psychologist who studied obedience using a shock experiment.
Who is Stanley Milgrim?
Reduced effort when working in a group.
What is social loafing?
Maslow’s level involving reaching full potential.
What is self-actualization?
Blaming your situation for your actions but blaming others’ personalities for theirs.
What is actor-observer bias?
Agreeing to a small request first increases compliance with a larger one.
What is the foot-in-the-door phenomenon?
Following orders from an authority figure is called what?
What is obedience?
Loss of self-awareness in a group.
What is deindividuation?
Name the three parts of personality and what they do.
Id: Operates on the pleasure principle (seeks instant gratification).Present at birth and focused on basic needs/desires.
Ego:Operates on the reality principle (meets id’s needs in realistic ways).Develops during early childhood.
Superego: Acts as a moral compass (strives for perfection and the ideal) Develops around ages 4–5.
Blaming a group for problems during difficult times is explained by what theory?
What is scapegoat theory?
An ad uses music and attractive visuals instead of facts. Which route of persuasion is this?
What is peripheral route persuasion?
These 2 main reasons for conformity explain avoiding rejection and gaining social approval and believing others are correct.
Normative social influence and informational social influence.
When group discussion makes opinions stronger and more extreme, it is called what?
What is group polarization?
This theory says emotion comes from physical arousal plus how we label it.
What is the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory?
Believing that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get is called what?
What is the just-world phenomenon?
Favoring your own group over others is known as what?
What is in-group bias?
Solomon Asch on conformity and Stanley Milgrim on obedience.
What are 3 examples of deindividuation?
Sporting Events: Fans acting out. Riots: Group-fueled chaos. Internet/Social Media: Anonymous behavior and trolling.
The idea that performance is best at a moderate level of arousal is called what?
What is the Yerkes-Dodson law?