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A type of expansionism when one country seeks to annex territory where it has culture ties to part of the population of historical claims to the land
Irredentism
Control nearly 30% of all oceans and seas and their EEZs are much larger than their landmass
Small island developing state ( SIDS )
Using spatial thinking techniques and tools to analyze elections and voting patterns
Electoral Geography
Moving an area where an elected representative has support to and area where he or she does not have support
Kidnapping
Internal boundaries that divide a country's electorate into subnational regions
Voting districts
Boundary disputes that center on where a boundary should be, how it is defined ( Mapped or demarcated )
Locational boundary disputes ( Territorial Disputes )
this area extends up to 12 nautical miles of sovereignty, where commercial vessels may pass but noncommercial vessels may be challenged. A nautical miles is equal to its land measured miles.
Territorial sea
People of a country who are eligible to vote
Electorate
Combining like minded voters into one district to prevent them from affecting election in other districts
Packing
The process of legally adding territory to a city
Annexation
Centers not on where a boundary is but how it functions, disagreements can arise related to trade, transportation, or migration
Operational Boundary disputes ( Funtional disputes )
Defined four zones, Territorial sea, contagious zone, exclusive economic zone (EEZ), high seas
United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
The drawing of boundaries for political districts by the party in power to protect or increase its power
Gerrymandering
Changing the number of representatives granted to each state so it reflects the state's population
Reapportionment
Unites separate political entities into an overarching system that allows each entity to maintain some degree of sovereignty
Federal State
States, territories or part of a state or territory that are completely surrounded by the territory of another state
Political enclaves
A count of the population
Census
Redrawing two districts in order to force two elected representatives of the same party to run against each other
Hijacking
State legislation or state committees then redraws district boundaries so that each district contains roughly the same number of people
Redistricting
Most or all of the governing power is held by the national government
Unitary state
A place located between two very different and contentious regions
Shatterbelt
Dispersing a group into several districts to prevent a majority
Cracking
Create borders between countries, used at the subnational scale to divide countries into smaller units
Internal boundaries
Diluting a minority - populated district with majority populations
Stacking