Rise of Nationalism in Europe
After the failed 1848 revolutions, German nationalists were divided as to how Germany should be unified: The _________ Germany solution centered on Austria, the ________ Germany solution excluded Austria and was led by Prussia.
Greater, Lesser
Name the first 3 great European Powers
United Kingdom, France, Germany
What is Imperialism?
the control exercised by certain powerful states over other territories
Why is WWI also known as 'the Great War'?
Because it surpassed any previous conflict, in terms of the number of countries involved and the level of devistation
What was the most devastating consequence of the war?
The huge loss of human lives
Otto von Bismarck
What were the 3 empires in decline?
Ottoman, Russian, Austro-Hungarian
What were the four main arguments used to justify imperialism?
Demographic, political, economic, idealogical
What is said to be the main cause of the start of WWI?
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
What was the most visible effects of the war?
Material and economic losses
The north-eastern part of the Italian Peninsula was occupied by what foreign power?
Austria
What were the two aspects that were the main problems in the decline of the Great Empires?
1. various nationalities
2. an outdated political, economic, and social structure
Explain the demographic justification of imperialism
Demographic growth in the 19th century created a surplus population in which people had trouble finding places to work and live, as a result, Europeans took this as an opportunity to emigrated to new colonies
What countries made up the Triple Entente?
United Kingdom, France, Russia
Describe the post war living conditions.
Who were considered the leaders of Italian Unification?
Count Cavour, Giuseppe Mazzini, and Giuseppe Garibaldi
Which 3 countries arrived 'late to the game' and colonized most of Africa?
Germany, Italy, and Belgium
Explain the idealogical justification of imperialism
racism, the superiority of the white race, it was argued that race gave Europeans the right and obligation to dominate the rest of humanity
Explain trench warfare
a type of combat in which the opposing sides attack, counterattack, and defend from relatively permanent systems of trenches dug into the ground
What country became the worlds leading economic power after WWI?
The United States
The kingdom of Italy is proclaimed with __________ as king.
Victor Emmanuel II
What was held in order to regulate African colonisation and trade?
The Berlin Conference
Explain the political AND economic justification of imperialism
political - taking control of colonies allowed for gain of political prestige during this age
economic - the powers needed cheap and raw materials and energy sources for production and the colonies provided a market to sell the products and gain higher profits
Why did the United States declare war on Germany in April of 1917?
Germany was using unrestricted submarine warfare to enter the United States
World War I has been called the 'suicide of Europe' because...
Europe emerged from the war politically and morally weakened