Food web
Relationships among organisms
Limiting Factors
Analyzing Information
Mystery!
100
What does the arrow between the ferns and the insects represent?
Energy in the fern being transferred to the insect.
100
Barnacles are arthropods closely related to crabs and lobsters. Barnacles are usually found on rocky surfaces, but there are some species that attach themselves to turtles and whales. The barnacles feed on nutrient–rich waters as the turtles and whales travel. The whales and turtles do not benefit or get hurt from the barnacles.
Which type of relationship do the barnacles have with the whales and turtles?
Commensalism
100
Squirrels eat acorns. Good acorn production happens when there are good growing conditions for the oak trees that make acorns. Often, there are many acorns produced one year but very few acorns the next year. What is the most likely impact on the squirrel population in years when fewer acorns are produced?
*Hint: Think about how competition is impacted
Competition will increase
100
Maggie designs an experiment to measure the effect of temperature changes on weathering in rocks. She wants to figure out if extreme changes in heat and cold can cause rocks to crack. She uses the following procedure:
1. Gather 10 rocks of similar size, shape, and material, and label the rocks from 1 to 10.
2. Take photos or make sketches of each rock indicating any surface cracks before the experiment begins.
3. Soak each rock for 24 hours in room temperature tap water.
4. Remove the rocks from the water and blot them dry with a towel.
5. Place the rocks in a freezer at 0 degrees Celsius for 6 hours.
6. Remove the rocks from the freezer, and let them rest for 24 hours.
7. Take photos or make sketches of each rock indicating any surface cracks or markings.
8. Place the rocks in an oven set to 100 degrees Celsius for 6 hours.
9. Watch the oven while it is on and use oven mitts when handling the rocks.
10. Remove the rocks from the oven and let them rest for 24 hours.
11. Take photos or make sketches of each rock indicating any surface cracks or changes in appearance.
12. Compare the results of the photos or sketches and describe any changes in the surface cracks or appearance of the rocks.
Which part of Maggie's procedure describes the dependent variable?
Compare the results of the photos or sketches and describe any changes in the surface cracks or appearance of the rocks.
100
A lab group is investigating this question: "When wind-driven sand particles strike rock, does the size of the sand particles affect how quickly rock is broken down?"
Which of the following would be the group's testing variable?
The testing variable [aka the independent variable] is the size of the sand particles.
200
A healthy ecosystem must have producers, consumers, and decomposers. Most decomposers are either fungi or bacteria. Why are decomposers an essential part of a healthy ecosystem?
Decomposers make resources available to producers by breaking down waste materials.
200
Which of the following would be a mutualistic relationship between the parrot and the tree?
A. The parrot makes holes in the tree to find insects.
B. The parrot eats fruit from the tree, including the seeds of the fruit.
C. The parrot eats fruit from the tree, and the parrot’s droppings fertilize the soil around the tree.
D. The parrot’s droppings fertilize the soil around the tree, but the parrot does not make use of the tree.
C. The parrot eats fruit from the tree, and the parrot’s droppings fertilize the soil around the tree.
200
Like the success of animals, the success of plants is limited based on the resources available to each individual. In the tropical rainforest, plants are especially limited by the space they have available to grow and reproduce. Which of these statements describes a way that limited space will impact the success of a plant in the rainforest?
A. A plant without enough space will face increased predation from herbivores.
B. A plant without enough space will not have as many parasites and diseases.
C. A plant without enough space will not be able to capture enough light to grow.
D. A plant without enough space will be more likely to be impacted by air quality.
C. A plant without enough space will not be able to capture enough light to grow.
200
While Aria was doing some research about classification for a science report. She was surprised to learn that until 150 years ago, scientists recognized only two groups of organisms: plants and animals.
Now, scientists also recognize groups of single- celled organisms such as bacteria and Archaea, as well as protists and fungi.
How should Aria explain why scientists decided to classify organisms into more groups?
A. More types of organisms exist now.
B. Fewer organisms have gone extinct in recent years.
C. Scientists invent new organisms that need to be classified.
D. Scientists continue to learn more about living things.
D. Scientists continue to learn more about living things.
200
The scientific name for a gray wolf is Canis lupus. Which pair of terms is the two divisions in the classification system that this name indicates?
Genus & Species
300
Organisms in a food web are classified as producers, consumers, and decomposers. What information is needed to classify organisms into these categories?
A. how the organisms get the energy they need
B. the size of each organism
C. the environment each organism lives in
D. the amount of water the organisms need
A. how the organisms get the energy they need
300
A flowering plant, called mistletoe, attaches itself to the vascular system of a tree and removes nutrients and water from the tree. The tree can become weak due to the presence of this plant.
What word best describes the relationship between mistletoe and the tree it inhabits?
Parasitic
300
Scientists have observed a trend in populations of the snowshoe hare in Canada. About every 8 years, the number of hares falls sharply. One year later, the number of lynx in the same areas falls also. The lynx is the main predator of the snowshoe hare. Scientists discovered that the hares rely on a willow plant for food during the winter. When the population of the snowshoe hare gets bigger, they eat more of the leaves on the willows. Scientists also found out that the willow plants release a poison when they get eaten back too far.
Which statement best describes what limits the size of the snowshoe hare population?
A. Other herbivores are the limiting factor because they compete for available food.
B. Predation is the limiting factor because the number of lynx causes the size of the snowshoe hare population to drop.
C. Space is the limiting factor because the hares have less space as their numbers increase and they cannot meet their needs.
D. Food is the limiting factor because the size of the snowshoe hare population depends mainly on the availability of willow plants in winter.
D. Food is the limiting factor because the size of the snowshoe hare population depends mainly on the availability of willow plants in winter.
300
Manatees are an endangered mammal species that lives in bodies of water in Florida. Manatees eat plants that grow in the
water. They know where to find fresh drinking water in their environment. Manatees migrate from summer habitats to winter habitats and look for safe areas to feed and raise their young. People in boats need to give space to manatees to protect them from harm.
What might conservationists do to reduce the limiting factors and increase manatee populations?
Increase the amount of habitat available
300
A scientist lists the characteristics of an organism that he is observing:
· It is multicellular
· It has cell walls made of cellulose.
· It makes its own food.
In which of these kingdoms should the organism be classified?
A. Animalia
B. Archaea
C. Fungi
D. Plantae
D. Plantae
400
Based on the food web, which of these organisms receives its energy directly from a primary consumer?
A. caterpillar
B. dandelion
C. frog
D. grasshopper
C. Frog
400
Explain the 3 types of relationships among organisms.
1. Commensalism
2. Mutualism
3. Parasitism
1. Commensalism- 1 organisms benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed.
2. Mutualism- both organisms benefit from the relationships
3. Parasitism- 1 organism benefits at the expense of the other [aka the other organism is harmed]