Definitions #1
A chemical bond between two atoms, in which each atom shares an electron.
Covalent Bonding
A strong chemical bond that is formed by the attraction between two ions of opposite charges.
Ionic Bonding
A chemical bond where positive metal ions form a lattice structure with freely moving electrons between them.
Metallic Bonding
An atom or group of atoms that has become charged by gaining or losing one or more electrons.
Ion
What does all bonding involve?
When substances react together, the tendency is always for their atoms to gain, lose, or share electrons so that they each acquire a stable outer shell of electrons.
A chemical reaction that gives off heat.
Exothermic Reaction
A chemical reaction that takes in heat.
Endothermic Reaction
A reaction in which under the right conditions, the products can be turned back to the reactants.
Reversible Reactions
An interaction between the atoms of two substances where the atoms rearange to form two new molecules.
Chemical Reaction
What does a balanced chemical equation show?
The number of molecules each substance are shown by the number in front of their formula.
A new substance produced in a chemical reaction.
Prouduct
The substance presant at the beginning of a reaction.
Reactant
The measure of the strength in a solution, I.E., the amount of solute in a solvent.
Concentration
A reaction in which the produces cans never be turned back into the reactants.
Iriversible Reaction
What happens when a reaction reaches completion?
Many chemical reaction continue until one or all of the reactants are used up, and their products do not react together. When a reaction reaches this stage, it is said to have come to completion.
The minimum amount of energy a reaction needs to start.
Activation Energy
The tendency of a substance to react with other substances.
Reactivity
Occurs when an atom loses electrons in a reaction, or when a substance loses hydrogen or gains a oxygen atom in a chemical reaction.
Oxidation
The SI unit for the amount of a substance.
Moles
What is the rate of reaction?
A measurement of the speed of a reation.
A reaction that primarily involves the transfer of electrons between two substances.
Redox Reaction
The point at which the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the backward reaction.
Equilibrium
Occurs when an atom gains electrons in a reaction, or when a substance gains a hydrogen or loses an oxygen atom in a chemical reaction.
Reduction
A substance which speeds up a chemical reaction without being changed by the reaction.
Catalyst
What do oxidation and reduction refer to?
Referred to the gain and loss of oxygen by a substance.