Explorers and Voyages
Which explorer’s voyage proved that the Earth could be circumnavigated?
Ferdinand Magellan
Name the “Three G’s” that motivated European exploration.
Gold, God, Glory
The transfer of plants, animals, people, and diseases between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres after 1492
Columbian Exchange
What economic theory drove European colonization?
Mercantilism
The transatlantic voyage that brought enslaved Africans to the Americas
Middle Passage
Which Italian explorer sailing for England claimed land in Canada, thinking it was Asia?
John Cabot
What technological advancement helped sailors navigate long voyages?
Astrolabe or compass
Name one crop introduced to Europe from the Americas.
Potatoes
Maize (corn)
Tomatoes
Cacao
What country colonized modern day Brazil?
Portugal
Why did Europeans turn to Africa for labor?
Native populations declined due to disease and conquest
Which explorer gave his name to the continents of North and South America?
Amerigo Vespucci
Why did Europeans seek a sea route to Asia?
To bypass Silk Road and access spices directly
Name one animal introduced to the Americas from Europe.
Horses or cattle
A Spanish labor system that forced Native Americans to work for landowners
About how many Africans were taken to the Americas between 1500 and 1800?
About 10 million
Which Spanish conquistador conquered the Aztec Empire?
Hernán Cortés
What was one major consequence of European exploration for indigenous populations?
Massive population decline due to disease and conquest
What was one positive and one negative effect of the Columbian Exchange?
How did colonies help European nations achieve mercantilist goals?
By supplying raw materials and serving as markets
What cash crops became a major driver of the transatlantic slave trade?
Tobacco, sugar, cotton