Pathogens & Disease
First Line
Second Line
Adaptive Immunity
Immunity Strategies
100
These microscopic organisms can cause disease in a host.
What are pathogens?
100
This organ forms a physical barrier that prevents pathogens from entering the body.
What is intact skin?
100
This process involves a cell engulfing and destroying a pathogen.
What is phagocytosis?
100
These proteins bind specifically to antigens.
What are antibodies?
100
This medical treatment exposes the immune system to antigens to develop immunity without causing disease.
What is vaccination?
200
This type of pathogen can only reproduce inside a living cell.
What is a virus?
200
This sticky substance traps pathogens in the respiratory tract.
What is mucus?
200
Evil Labubu!!!! You lose 300 points!!!!
200
These lymphocytes can differentiate into plasma cells that produce antigens.
What are B Cells?
200
Type of immunity produced when a person’s own immune system responds to an antigen.
What is active immunity?
300
These infectious proteins can cause normal proteins in the nervous system to unfold.
What are prions?
300
Tiny hair-like structures that help move mucus and trapped pathogens out of the respiratory tract.
What are cilia?
300
This response causes redness, heat, swelling and pain at the site of tissue damage.
What is inflammation?
300
These cells directly destroy infected or abnormal body cells.
What are cytotoxic T Cells?
300
Immunity gained when antibodies pass from mother to baby.
What is natural passive immunity?
400
Unlike bacteria, viruses must use this cellular machinery of a host cell to reproduce.
What are ribosomes?
400
Good Labubu!!! Congratulations 500 points!!!!
400
Signalling proteins released by virus-infected cells that help protect nearby cells from viral infection.
What are interferons (cytokines)?
400
These molecules display intracellular antigens to cytotoxic T Cells.
What are MHC Class I molecules?
400
Vaccination produces these long lived cells that allow a faster response to later exposure to the same antigen.
What are memory B cells?
500
This type of pathogen is made of genetic material enclosed within a protein coat.
What is a virus?
500
This acidic environment provides a chemical barrier that destroys many pathogens entering through food.
What is stomach acid?
500
Molecules on pathogens that are recognised by pattern-recogntion receptors of innate immune cells.
What are PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns)?
500
These cells activate B cells and cytotoxic T cells by releasing signalling molecules called cytokines.
What are helper T cells?
500
This population-level protection occurs when enough individuals are immune to reduce pathogen transmission.
What is herd immunity?