Cell Communication
This type of signaling involves cells communicating with themselves.
What is autocrine signaling?
The three main stages of cell signaling are reception, transduction, and this final step.
What is the response?
This second messenger is commonly produced from ATP
What is cAMP?
This type of feedback amplifies the original signal.
What is positive feedback?
The three main stages of the cell cycle are interphase, mitosis, and this stage.
What is cytokinesis?
This type of signaling uses hormones that travel through the bloodstream.
This type of receptor is located in the cell membrane.
What is a membrane receptor?
This second messenger opens calcium channels in the endoplasmic reticulum.
IP3?
This type of feedback stabilizes systems by reducing change.
What is negative feedback?
The phase where DNA is replicated.
What is S phase?
This kind of signaling occurs between adjacent cells through direct contact.
What is juxtacrine (direct contact)/gap junction signaling?
This type of receptor is found inside the cell, often in the cytoplasm or nucleus.
What is an intracellular receptor?
This enzyme adds phosphate groups to proteins.
What is a protein kinase?
Childbirth contractions are an example of this type of feedback.
What is positive feedback?
This checkpoint ensures DNA has been replicated correctly.
What is the G₂ checkpoint?
This type of signaling uses neurotransmitters across a synapse.
What is synaptic signaling?
This process allows one signal molecule to trigger a large cellular response.
What is signal amplification?
This type of signaling cascade often involves a chain of phosphorylation reactions.
What is a phosphorylation cascade?
Body temperature regulation is an example of this type of feedback.
What is negative feedback?
This group of enzymes helps regulate progression through the cell cycle.
What are cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)?
This model explains how a signaling molecule only affects cells with the correct receptor.
What is the ligand-receptor specificity model?
These small molecules relay signals from receptors to target molecules inside the cell.
What are second messengers?
This pathway helps regulate cell growth and division and is often mutated in cancer.
What is the Ras/MAPK Pathway?
This homeostatic process maintains internal balance in organisms.
What is homeostasis?
Uncontrolled cell division is known as this.
What is cancer?