Module 26
A response that we learn unconsciously.
What is operant conditioning?
A method of learning that uses rewards and punishment to modify behavior.
What is instinctive drift?
the tendency of learned behavior to gradually revert to biologically predisposed patterns
What is learned helplessness?
the hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or person learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events
Learning by watching the behavior of others.
Is classical conditioning an autonomic or voluntary response.
Autonomic
What is a Fixed-Ratio schedule?
A schedule that reinforces after a set number of responses
What are the three influences on learning.
1. Biological
2. social-culture
3. psychological
What is self control?
the ability to control impulses and delay-short-term gratification for longer term rewards.
What are two side effects of the anti-social effect?
hostility, irritability, aggression
What is habituation
An organism’s decreasing response to stimuli with repeated exposure to it
Is taking away a kids phone when they misbehave positive or negative reinforcement.
Negative
What is the conditioned stimulus in Pavlov's dog experiment?
the sound of the bell
What is internal locus of control?
the perception that we control our own fate (problem-focused coping)
What is the opposite of anti-social behavior?
Positive social effects
What famous scientist is known for classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
Is making a kid clean their room after they misbehave positive or negative reinforcement.
Positive
What is a variable-interval schedule
reinforce the first response after varying time intervals
What is external locus of control?
the perception that chance or outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate (emotion-focused coping)
Who came up with the social learning theory?
Albert Bandura
Name the 5 components of classical conditioning.
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
Unconditioned Response (UR)
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Conditioned Response (CR)
What scientist is known for Operant Conditioning.
Skinner
What are biological influences
Natural predispositions that constrain what stimuli and responses can be easily associated with one another.
What are cognitive influences?
Organisms develop an expectation that a CS signals the arrival of a US.
What are mirror neurons?
Frontal lobe neurons that some scientists believe fire when we perform certain actions or observe another doing so.